The Department of Justice Canada works to reduce family violence in Canada. Learn more...
- Achenbach, T. M., and C.S. Edelbrock
1991 Manual for the Child Behavior Checklist and Revised Child Behavior Profile. Burlington, VT: University Associates in Psychiatry.
- Amato, Paul R., and Bruce Keith
1991a "Parental divorce and the well-being of children: a meta-analysis." Psychological Bulletin, 110: 26-46.
- 1991b "Parental divorce and adult well-being: a meta-analysis." Journal of Marriage and the Family. 53: 43-58.
- Amato, Paul R., L. S. Loomis and Alan Booth
1995 "Parental divorce, marital conflict, and offspring well-being during early adulthood." Social Forces. 73: 895-915.
- Amato, Paul R., and Alan Booth
1996 "A prospective study of parental divorce and parent-child relationships." Journal of Marriage and the Family. 58: 356-365.
- Amato, Paul R., and Joan G. Gilbreth
1999 "Non-resident fathers and children's well-being: a meta-analysis." Journal of Marriage and the Family. 61: 557-573.
- Amato, Paul R.
2000 "The consequences of divorce for adults and children." Journal of Marriage and the Family. 62: 1269-1287.
- Aseltine, R. H.
1996 "Pathways linking parental divorce with adolescent depression." Journal of Heath and Social Behavior. 37: 133-148.
- Bakeman, R., and J. M. Gottman
1986 Observing Interaction. Cambridge, MA: Cambridge University Press.
- Bickman, N. L., and B. H. Fiese
1997 "Extension of the children's perceptions of interparental conflict scale for use with late adolescents." Journal of Family Psychology. 11: 246-250.
- Block, J. H., J. H. Block and P. F. Gjerde
1986 "The personality of children prior to divorce: A prospective study." Child Development. 57: 827-840.
- Brooks-Gunn, J., and P. L. Chase-Lansdale
1995 "Adolescent parenthood". In M. Bornstein (ed.), Handbook of Parenting (pp. 113-149). Mahweh, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
- Buehler, Cheryl, and B. B. Trotter
1990 "Nonresidential and residential parent's perceptions of the former spouse relationship and children's social competence following marital separation: theory and programmed intervention." Family Relations. 39: 395-404.
- Buehler, Cheryl, C. Anthony, A. Krishnakumar, G. Stone, J. Gerard and S. Pemberton
1997 "Interparental conflict and youth problem behaviors: A meta-analysis." Journal of Child and Family Studies. 6: 233-247.
- Buehler, Cheryl, A. Krishnakumar, G. Stone, C. Anthony, S. Pemberton and J. Gerard
1998 "Interparental conflict styles and youth problem behaviors: A two-sample replication study." Journal of Marriage and the Family. 60: 119-132.
- Camara, K. A., and G. Resnick
1988 "Interparental conflict and cooperation: Factors moderating children's post-divorce adjustment." In E. M. Hetherington and J. D. Arasteh (eds.). Impact of divorce, single-parenting, and stepparenting on children. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
- Capaldi, D. M., and G. R. Patterson
1991 "Relation of parental transitions to boys' adjustment problems: 1. A linear hypothesis; 2. Mothers at risk for transitions and unskilled parenting." Developmental Psychology. 27: 489-504.
- Cherlin, Andrew J., F. F. Furstenberg, P. L. Chase-Lansdale, K. K. Kiernan, P. K. Robins, D. R. Morrison and J. O. Teitler
1991 "Longitudinal studies of effects of divorce on children from Great Britain and the United States." Science. 252: 1386-1389.
- Clarke-Stewart, K. Alison, D. L. Vandell, K. McCartney, M. T. Owen and C. Booth
2000 "Effects of parental separation and divorce on very young children." Journal of Family Psychology. 14: 304-326.
- Davies, P.T., and E. M. Cummings
1994 "Marital conflict and child adjustment: an emotional security hypothesis". Psychological Bulletin. 116: 387-411.
- Davis, Betsy, Hyman Hops, Anthony Alpert and Lisa Sheeber
1998 "Child responses to parental conflict and their effect on adjustment: A study of triadic relations." Journal of Family Psychology. 12: 163-177.
- Dodge, Kenneth. A., John. E. Bates and Gregory S. Pettit
1990 "Mechanisms in the cycle of violence." Science. 250: 1678-1683.
- Doherty, W. J., and R. H. Needle
1991 "Psychological adjustment and substance use among adolescents before and after a parental divorce." Child Development. 62: 328-337.
- Dunn, J., K. Deater-Deckard, K. Pickering, T. G. O'Connor, J. Golding and the ALSPAC Study Team
1998 "Children's adjustment and prosocial behavior in step-, single, and nonstep-family settings: Findings from a community study." Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry. 39: 1083-1095.
- Eddy, J. M., R. E. Heyman and R. L. Weiss
1991 "An empirical investigation of the Dyadic Adjustment Scale: Exploring the differences between marital 'satisfaction' and 'adjustment.'" Behavioral Assessment. 13: 199-220.
- Edwards, J. N.
1987 "Changing family structure and youthful well-being: Assessing the future." Journal of Family Issues. 8: 355-372.
- Eisenberg, A. R.
1992 "Conflicts between mothers and their young children." Merrill-Palmer Quarterly. 38: 21-43.
- Emery, Robert, E., and K. D. O'Leary
1982 "Children's perceptions of marital discord and behavior problems of boys and girls." Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology. 10: 11-24.
- Emery, Robert, E.
1988 Marriage, Divorce, and Children's Adjustment. Newbury Park, CA: Sage Publications.
- Emery, Robert, E.
1999 "Postdivorce family life for children: An overview of research and some implications for policy." In Thompson, R. A., and P.R. Amato (eds.). The Postdivorce Family: Children, Parenting, and Society. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
- Finchman, Frank, John H. Grych and Lori N. Osborne
1994 "Does marital conflict cause child maladjustment? Directions and challenges for longitudinal research." Journal of Family Psychology. 8: 128-140.
- Formoso, D., N. A. Gonzales and L. S. Aiken
2000 "Family conflict and children's internalizing and externalizing behavior: Protective factors." American Journal of Community Psychology. 28: 175-199.
- Furstenberg, F. F., and C. W. Nord
1985 "Parenting apart." Journal of Marriage and the Family. 47: 893-904.
- Grych, John, Michael Seid and Frank Finchman
1992 "Assessing marital conflict from the child's perspective: The Child's Perception of Interparental Conflict Scale." Child Development. 63: 558-572.
- Grych, John, and Frank Finchman
1993 "Children's appraisals of marital conflict: Initial investigations of the cognitive-contextual framework." Child Development. 64: 215-230.
- Guidubaldi, J., H. K. Cleminshaw, J. D. Perry and C. S., McLoughlin
1983 "The impact of parental divorce on children: Report of the nationwide NASP study." School Psychology Review. 12: 300-323.
- Guidubaldi, J., J. D. Perry and B. K. Nastasi
1987 "Growing up in a divorced family: Initial and long-term perspectives on children's adjustment." In S. Oskamp (ed.). Applied Social Psychology Annual: Family Processes and Problems. Newbury, CA: Sage Press.
- Henry, B., A. Caspi, T.E Moffitt and P.A. Silva
1996 "Temperamental and familial predictors of violent and non-violent criminal convictions: From age 3 to age 18." Developmental Psychology. 32: 614-623.
- Hetherington, E. M.
1981 "Children and divorce." In Henderson, R. (ed.). Parent-Child Interaction: Theory, Research, and Prospect. New York, NY: Academic Press.
- 1989 "Coping with family transitions: Winners, losers, and survivors." Child Development. 60: 1-14.
- 1993 "An overview of the Virginia Longitudinal Study of Divorce and Remarriage with a focus on early adolescence." Journal of Family Psychology. 7: 39-56.
- 1999 "Should we stay together for the sake of the children?" In E. M. Hetherington (ed.). Coping With Divorce, Single Parenting, and Remarriage: A Risk and Resiliency Perspective. Mahway, NJ: Erlbaum Press.
- Hetherington, E. M., M. Cox and R. Cox
1981 "Effects of divorce on parents and children." In Lamb, M. (ed.). Nontraditional Families. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum Press.
- Hetherington, E. M., M. Bridges and G. M. Insabella
1998 "What matters? What does not? Five perspectives on the association between marital transitions and children's adjustments." American Psychologist. 53: 167-184.
- Jenkins, Jennifer, and Marjorie A. Smith
1990 "Factors protecting children living in disharmonious homes: Maternal reports." Journal of the American Academy of Child Adolescent Psychiatry. 29: 61-69.
- 1991 "Marital disharmony and children's behavior problems: Aspects of a poor marriage that affect children adversely." Journal of Child Psychology. 32: 793-810.
- Jenkins, Jennifer, M., and Daniel P. Keating
1998 Risk and Resilience in Six and Ten-Year-Old Children. Ottawa: Human Resources Development Canada (W-98-23E).
- Jenkins, Jennifer M.
2000 "Marital conflict and children's emotions: The development of an anger organization." Journal of Marriage and the Family. 62: 723-736.
- Johnston, Janet, R. Gonzales and L. E. Campbell
1987 "Ongoing postdivorce conflict and child disturbance." Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology. 15: 493-509.
- Johnston, Janet, M. Kline and J. M. Tschann
1989 "Ongoing postdivorce conflict: Effects on children of joint custody and frequent access." American Journal of Orthopsychiatry. 59: 576-592.
- Juby, Heather, and David Farrington
2001 "Disentangling the link between disrupted families and delinquency." British Journal of Criminology. Special Issue. 41: 22-40.
- Katz, Lynn. F. and John M. Gottman
1993 "Patterns of marital conflict predict children's internalizing and externalizing behaviors." Developmental Psychology. 29: 940-950.
- Kelly, Joan B.
2000 "Children's adjustment in conflicted marriage and divorce: A decade of review of research." Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. 39: 963-973.
- Kiernan, K. E., and J. Hobcraft
1997 "Parental divorce during childhood: Age at first intercourse, partnership, and parenthood." Population Studies. 51: 41-55.
- Kiernan, K., and G. Mueller
1998 "The divorced and who divorces?" Centre for Analysis of Social Exclusion, paper 7. London: London School of Economics.
- Krantz, S. E.
1987 "The impact of divorce on children." In Dornbusch, S. M. and M. H. Strober (eds.). Feminism, Children, and the New Families. New York, NY: Guilford Press, 1988.
- Le Bourdais, Céline, Heather Juby and Nicole Marcil-Gratton
2001 Keeping Contact with Children: Assessing the Father/Child Post-separation Relationship from the Male Perspective. Ottawa: Department of Justice Canada (CSR-2000-3E).
- Lengua, Liliana, S. A. Wolchik, I. N. Sandler and S. G. West
2000 "The additive and interactive effects of parenting and temperament in predicting adjustment problems of children of divorce." Journal of Clinical Child Psychology. 29: 232-244.
- Locke, Harvey, and Karl Wallace
1959 "Short marital-adjustment and prediction tests: their reliability and validity." Marriage and Family Living. 21: 251-255.
- Long, Nicholas, E. Slater, R. Forehand and R. Fauber
1988 "Continued high or reduced interparental conflict following divorce: Relation to young adolescent adjustment." Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 56: 467-469.
- Marcil-Gratton, Nicole, and Celine Le Bourdais
1999 Custody, Access and Child Support: Findings from the NLSCY. Report presented to the Child Support Team. Ottawa: Department of Justice Canada.
- Martinez, C. R. J., and M. S. Forgatch
2001 "Preventing problems with boys' noncompliance: Effects of a parent training intervention for divorcing mothers." Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 69: 416-428.
- McLanahan, S., and G. Sandefur
1994 Growing Up With a Single Parent: What Hurts, What Helps. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
- Moffitt, T. E.
1993 "The neuropsychology of conduct disorder." Development and Psychopathology. 5: 135-151.
- Morris, Melanie, and Chuck West
2000 "An evaluation of the Post-Divorce Parental Conflict Scale." Journal of Divorce and Remarriage. 33: 77-91.
- Morrison, Donna R., and M. J. Coiro
1999 "Parental conflict and marital disruption: Do children benefit when high-conflict marriages are dissolved?" Journal of Marriage and the Family. 61: 626-637.
- O'Connor, T. G., N. Hawkins, J. Dunn, K. Thorpe, J. Golding, and the ALSPAC Study Team
1998 "Family type and maternal depression in pregnancy: Factors mediating risk in a community sample". Journal of Marriage and the Family. 60: 757-770
- O'Connor, T. G., K. Thorpe, J. Dunn, J. Golding and the ALSPAC Study Team
1999 "Parental divorce and adjustment in adulthood: Findings from a community sample." Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry. 40: 777-790.
- O'Connor, Thomas, and Jennifer M. Jenkins
2001 Coping With Parents' Marital Transitions: Understanding Why Children in the Same Family Show Different Patterns of Adjustment. Ottawa: Human Resources Development Canada.
- Peterson, James L., and Nicholas Zill
1986 "Marital disruption, parent-child relationships, and behavior problems in children." Journal of Marriage and the Family. 4: 295-307.
- Portes, P., R. Haas and J. H. Brown
1991 "Identifying family factors that predict children's adjustment to divorce: An analytic synthesis." Journal of Divorce and Remarriage. 15: 87-103.
- Portes, Pedro, Tracy Smith and Joseph Brown
2000 "The Divorce Adjustment Inventory-Revised: Validation of a parental report concerning children's post-custody adjustment." Journal of Divorce and Remarriage. 33: 93-109.
- Quinton, D., and M. Rutter
1985 "Family pathology and child psychiatric disorder: A four-year prospective study." In A. R. Nicol (ed.), Longitudinal studies in child psychology and psychiatry (pp. 91-134). Chichester, England: Wiley.
- Rodgers, B., and J. Pryor
1998 Divorce and Separation: The Outcomes For Children. York, England: Joseph Rowntree Foundation.
- Rutter, M.
1979 "Protective factors in children's responses to stress and disadvantage". In M. W. Kent and J. E. Rolf (eds.), Primary prevention in psychopathology, Vol. 3: Social competence in children (pp. 49-74). Hanover, NH: University Press of New England.
- Rutter, M., and A. Pickles
1987 "Psychosocial Resilience and Protective Mechanisms." American Journal of Orthopsychiatry. 57: 316-331.
- Sampson, R. J., S. Raudenbush, F. Earls and J. Holton
1997 "Neighborhoods and violent crime: a multilevel study of collective efficacy." Science (August 15, 1997).
- Seltzer, J. A.
1991 "Relationships between fathers and children who live apart: The father's role after separation." Journal of Marriage and the Family. 53: 79-101.
- Simons, Ronald, K. Lin, L. C. Gordon, R. D. Conger and F. O. Lorenz
1999 "Explaining the higher incidence of adjustment problems among children of divorce compared with those in two-parent families." Journal of Marriage and the Family. 61: 1020-1033.
- Spanier, Graham
1976 "Measuring dyadic adjustment: New scales for assessing the quality of marriage and similar dyads." Journal of Marriage and the Family. 38: 15-28.
- Stewart, Ron
2001 The Early Identification and Streaming of Cases of High-Conflict Separation and Divorce: A Review. Ottawa: Department of Justice Canada. 2001-FCY-7E.
- Straus, Murray
1979 "Measuring intrafamily conflict and violence: The Conflict Tactics Scales." Journal of Marriage and the Family. 41: 75-88.
- Straus, Murray, Sherry Hamby, Sue Boney-McCoy and David Sugarman
1996 "The Revised Conflict Tactics Scales (CTS2)." Journal of Family Issues. 17: 283-316.
- Vuchinich, S.
- 1987 "Starting and stopping spontaneous family conflicts." Journal of Marriage and the Family. 49: 591-601.
- Wallerstein, Judith S., and J. B. Kelly
1980 Surviving the Breakup: How Children and Parents Cope with Divorce. London: Grant McIntyre.
- Zill, Nicholas, D. R. Morrison and M. J. Coiro
1993 "Long-term effects of parental divorce on parent-child relationships, adjustment, and achievement in young adulthood." Journal of Family Psychology. 7: 91-103.
APPENDICES