Appendix B: Victim Costs
a. Costs of Medical Attention from a Physician
| Average
cost for a physician visit 2004/05 |
$50.36 a |
| Average
cost for a physician visit (inflation adjustment) |
$55.64 |
| Number
of victims having medical attention from a physician 2004 |
37,780 b |
| Costs
of Medical Attention from a Physician ($55.64 * 37,780) |
$2,102,079 |
b. Costs of Medical Attention at a Hospital
| Average
cost of an emergency visit at a hospital |
$260 c |
| Number
of victims having medical attention at a hospital 2004 |
116,026 d |
| Costs of medical attention at a hospital (116,026 *
$260) |
$30,166,760 |
| Average
cost of providing a ground ambulance transport |
$400 e |
| Number
of victims transported to hospital by ambulance (116,026 * 0.7) |
81,218 f |
| Costs of providing ambulance services (81,218 * $400) |
$32,487,200 |
| Costs
of Medical Attention at a Hospital ($30,166,760 + $32,487,200) |
$62,653,960 |
c. Costs of Hospitalization
| Average
daily cost of hospitalization 1999/00 |
$660 g |
| Average
daily cost of hospitalization 2008 (Inflation adjustment) |
$800 |
| Number
of days staying in hospital |
58,828 h |
| Costs
of Hospitalization ($800 * 58,828) |
$47,062,400 |
d. Direct Health Care Costs for
Illicit Drug Users
| Health
care costs for illegal drug users 2002 |
$1,134,600,000 i |
| Health
Care Costs for Illegal Drugs Users 2008 (Inflation adjustment) |
$1,294,330,000 |
e. Direct Health Care Costs Due to Drinking and Driving
| Health
care costs due to drinking and driving in Ontario, 2004 |
$12,600,000 j |
| Population of Ontario, 2004 |
12,390,599 |
| Health care cost per capita (Ontario) 2004 |
$1.017 |
| Health
care cost per capita (Ontario) 2008 (Inflation adjustment) |
$1.11 |
| Population
of Canada 2008 |
33,311,389 |
| Health
Care Costs Due to Drinking and Driving 2008 ($1.11 * 33,311,389) |
$36,642,528 |
Summary Table for Health Care Costs
| a.
Costs of Medical Attention from a Physician |
$2,102,079 |
| b.
Costs of Medical Attention at a Hospital |
$62,653,960 |
| c.
Costs of Hospitalization |
$47,062,400 |
| d.
Direct Health Care Costs for Illicit Drug Users |
$1,294,330,000 |
| e.
Direct Health Care Costs Due to Drinking and Driving |
$36,642,528 |
| Total
Health Care Costs |
$1,442,790,967 |
- a. Canadian Institute for
Health Information (2001). National Physician Database, National Grouping
System Categories Report, Canada 2004/05, Table 7-5: Major Assessments for
Office.
- b. GSS 2004, Victimization,
Main File: XAR_Q140, PR_101_2004 and PR_304_2004; Incident File: CIR_Q180.
- c. The average cost of an
emergency room visit in 2007/08 for all ages (seniors included) was $260,
Canadian Institute for Health Information.
- d. GSS 2004, Victimization,
Main File: XAR_Q130, PR_101_2004 and PR_304_2004; Incident File: CIR_Q170.
- e. Because there is no
significant variation in the cost of providing a ground ambulance transport among
provinces, we use the fee charged for non-MSP (medical service plan)
beneficiaries in British Columbia 2007 as our estimate. Ministry of Health, BC
Ambulance Service. Due to lack of data, we do not take into account the air
ambulance services.
Note that the cost of providing an ambulance transport
is different from the average ambulance fee that patients usually need to pay,
as ambulance services are partially/fully covered under provincial health
insurance.
- f. According to Canadian
Institute for Health Information, 85% of the victims of crimes where a firearm
was presented or used during the incidents were transported to hospitals by
ambulance service and 15% were walk-in. Following this, it is assumed that 70%
victims of overall crime are transported to hospitals by ambulance service.
- g. Public Health Agency of Canada, Daily cost of hospitalization 1999/2000: $660.Canadian Institute for Health
Information, Canadian Management Information Systems Database, October 2002.
- h. GSS 2004, Victimisation,
Main File: XAR_Q132, XAR_Q135_C, PR_101_2004 and PR_304_2004; Incident File: CIR_Q175
and CIR_Q176_C.
- i. It includes hospitalization,
specialized treatment, ambulatory care, family physician visits and
prescription drugs. The Costs of Substance Use in Canada 2002, Canadian Centre
on Substance Abuse (CCSA), Ottawa.
- j. Drinking and driving
collisions defined as collisions associated with alcohol consumption by one or
more involved drivers—not necessarily where alcohol was the cause. Health costs
include emergency room facility, hospital stay facility, medical practitioners
and ambulance services. Analysis and Estimation of the Social Cost of Motor Vehicle
Collisions in Ontario, 2007, Transport Canada.
a. Value of Lost Wages
Main File, GSS 2004
| Number
of days/nights victims staying in hospital |
3,383 a |
| Average
annual salary for victims absent from work |
$32,143 b |
| Average
daily wage rate for victims |
$134 c |
| Lost
wages due to hospital stay (3,383 * $134) |
$455,332 |
| Number
of days victims staying in bed (excluding time in hospital) |
63,723 d |
| Average
annual salary for the victims who were absent from work |
$33,103 e |
| Average
daily wage rate for victims |
$138 c |
| Lost
wages due to bed rest (63,723 * $138) |
$8,793,774 |
| Number
of days victims taking time off from daily main activities |
137,195 f |
| Average
annual salary for victims who absent from work |
$37,083 g |
| Average
daily wage rate for victims |
$155 c |
| Lost
wages due to time off from daily activities (137,195 * $155) |
$21,265,225 |
| Value
of Lost wages for victims ($455,332 + $8,793,774 + $21,265,225) |
$30,512,321 |
Incident
File, GSS 2004
| Number
of days absent from work |
5,936,478 h |
| Average
annual salary for victims absent from work |
$41,347 i |
| Average
daily wage rate for victims |
$158 c |
| Value
of Lost wages for victims (5,936,478 * $158) |
$940,795,224 |
Total
Value of Lost Wages ($30,512,321 + $940,795,224) $971,307,545
b. Value of Lost Household Services
Main
File, GSS 2004
| Number
of days/nights in hospital for females |
11,649 j |
| Number
of days staying in bed for females |
124,640 k |
| Number
of days with time away from daily main activities for females |
165,253 l |
| Total
number of days away from housework activities (11,649 + 124,640 + 165,253) |
301,542 |
| Average
hours per day in housework and household care activities for females |
3.4 m |
| Number
of hours off from housework activities, female (301,542 * 3.4) |
1,025,243 |
| Number
of days/nights in hospital for males |
441 j |
| Number
of days staying in bed for males |
15,749 k |
| Number
of days with time away from daily main activities for males |
49,138 l |
| Total
number of days away from housework activities (441 + 15,749 + 49,138) |
65,328 |
| Average
hours per day in housework and household care activities for males |
2 m |
| Number of hours off from housework activities, male (65,328
* 2) |
130,656 |
| Average
hourly wage rate for household workers 2007 |
$12.91 n |
| Average
hourly wage rate for household workers 2008 (inflation adjustment) |
$13.2 |
| Value
of Lost household services (1,025,243 + 130,656) * $13.2 |
$15,257,864 |
Incident
File, GSS 2004
| Number
of days off from daily activities for females |
5,844,368 o |
| Average
hours per day in housework and household care activities for females |
3.4 m |
| Number
of hours off from housework activities, female (5,844,368 * 3.4) |
19,870,851 |
| Number
of days off from daily activities for males |
3,972,207 o |
| Average
hours per day in housework and household care activities for males |
2 m |
| Number
of hours off from housework activities, male (3,972,207 * 2) |
7,944,414 |
| Average
hourly wage rate for household workers 2008 (inflation adjustment) |
$13.2 |
| Value
of Lost household services (19,870,852 +7,944,414) * $13.2 |
$367,161,511 |
Total
Value of Lost Household Services ($15,257,864 + $367,161,511) $382,419,375
c. Value of Lost School Days
| Number of missing school days (Main File, GSS 2004) |
21,747 p |
| Number of missing school days (Incident File, GSS 2004) |
1,236,296 q |
| Total number of lost school days (21,747 + 1,236,296) |
1,258,043 |
| National
average tuition fees for undergraduate studies per year 2008 |
$4,900 r |
| Average
number of school days in universities in Canada |
190 |
| Average
cost per school day ($4,900 / 190) |
$26 |
| Value
of Lost School Days (1,258,043 * $26) |
$32,709,118 |
d. Value
of Lost Child Care
| Number of days for lost child care service (Main File,
GSS 2004) |
31,012 p |
| Number
of days for lost child care service (Incident File, GSS 2004) |
334,606 q |
| Total
number of days for lost child care service (31,012 + 334,606) |
365,618 |
| Average
child care cost per day 2008 |
$30 s |
| Value
of Lost Child Care (365,618 * $30) |
$10,968,540 |
e. Value
of Productivity Losses for Illegal Drug Users
| Productivity
losses for illegal drug users 2002 |
$4,678,600,000 t |
| Value
of Productivity Losses for Illegal Drug Users 2008 (Inflation adjustment) |
$5,336,900,000 |
Summary Table for Productivity
Losses
| a.
Value of Lost Wages |
$971,307,545 |
| b.
Value of Lost Household Services |
$382,419,375 |
| c.
Value of Lost School Days |
$32,709,118 |
| d.
Value of Lost Child Care |
$10,968,540 |
| e. Value
of Productivity Losses for Illegal Drug Users |
$5,336,900,000 |
| Total
Value of Productivity Losses |
$6,734,304,578 |
a. Value of Property Stolen or Damaged Due to Property Crime
| Value
of property and cash stolen during the incidents 2004 |
$2,928,369,727 a |
| Value
of property damaged during the incidents 2004 |
$2,379,721,461 b |
| Value
of stolen/damaged property 2004 ($2,928,369,727 + $2,379,721,461) |
$5,308,091,188 |
| Value
of Property Stolen or Damaged Due to Property Crime 2008 (Inflation
adjustment) |
$5,777,342,595 |
b. Value of Property Damaged Due to Impaired Driving (Drugs)
| Value
of property damaged due to impaired driving (drugs) 2002 |
$67,000,000 c |
| Value
of Damaged Property Due to Impaired Driving (Drugs) 2008 (Inflation
adjustment) |
$76,430,000 |
c. Value of Property Damaged Due to Drinking and Driving
| Value
of property damaged due to drinking and driving in Ontario, 2004 |
$98,600,00 d |
| Population
of Ontario, 2004 |
12,390,599 |
| Per
capita value of property damaged due to drinking and driving 2004 |
$7.96 |
| Per
capita value of property damaged due to drinking and driving 2008 (Inflation
adjustment) |
$8.68 |
| Population
in Canada 2008 |
33,311,389 |
| Value
of Property Damaged Due to Drinking and Driving 2008 |
$289,142,857 |
Summary Table for Value of
Stolen/Damaged Property
| a. Value
of Property Stolen/Damaged Due to Property Crime |
$5,777,342,595 |
| b. Value
of Property Damaged Due to Impaired Driving (Drugs) |
$76,430,000 |
| c. Value
of Property Damaged Due to Drinking and Driving |
$289,142,857 |
| Total
Value of Stolen/Damaged Property |
$6,142,915,452 |
- a. GSS 2004, Victimization, Incident File: CIR_Q370 and ADJWTVIC.
- b.GSS 2004, Victimization, Incident File: VALDAMGE_C and
ADJWTVIC.
- c. The Costs of Substance Use in Canada 2002, Canadian
Centre on Substance Abuse (CCSA), Ottawa.
- d. Drinking and driving collisions is defined as
collisions associated with alcohol consumption by one or more involved
drivers-not necessarily where alcohol was the cause. Costs included are
property damages, costs of towing trucks and other out of pocket payments. It
should be noted that in addition to victims, these costs may also be borne by
offenders and other people. Analysis and Estimation of the Social Cost of Motor
Vehicle Collisions in Ontario, 2007, Transport Canada.
