Youth Risk/Need Assessment: An Overview of Issues and Practices

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Table of Contents

• Acknowledgements
• Executive Summary
• 1. Introduction
• 2. Historical Development of Risk/Need Assessments
• 3. Method
  • 3.1 Probation officers
  • 3.2 Crown contacts, custody contacts, and policy/research contacts
  • 3.3 Academic community
  • 3.4 Accuracy and consistency
• 4. Research Findings
  • 4.1 Methodological limitations
  • 4.2 Accountability and defensibility
  • 4.3 Subjective/moral criteria
  • 4.4 Standardization and consistency
  • 4.5 Case management
  • 4.6 Blending of risk and need
  • 4.7 Gender and diversity
  • 4.8 Interpreting and presenting the results
  • 4.9 Training
  • 4.10 Overrides
  • 4.11 Reassessments
  • 4.12 Audits
  • 4.13 Community resources
• 5. Risk/Need and the Youth Criminal Justice Act (YCJA)
  • 5.1 Implications of YCJA on risk/need assessments
  • 5.2 Extrajudicial measures
  • 5.3 Pre-trial detention
  • 5.4 Sentencing
  • 5.5 Pre-sentence reports
  • 5.6 Rehabilitation
  • 5.7 Custody and reintegration
• 6. Operational and Research Needs
  • 6.1 Validity and reliability of the tools
  • 6.2 Potential direct and systemic forms of discrimination
  • 6.3 Areas for intervention
  • 6.4 Reintegration
  • 6.5 Legal research
  • 6.6 Pre-sentence reports
  • 6.7 Inform key stakeholders
  • 6.8 Training
  • 6.9 Guidelines
  • 6.10 Audit
• Appendix I: Description Of Assessment Tools
• Appendix II: Risk/Need Assessment Tools Deployed in Canadian Provinces and Territories
• Appendix III: Provincial Profiles
• References

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