7.0 Bibliography
- Abramowicz, Lenny. "The Critical Characteristics of Community Legal Aid Clinics in Ontario." Journal of Law and Social Policy19. (2004): 70-81 https://digitalcommons.osgoode.yorku.ca/jlsp/vol19/iss1/5
- Access to Justice B.C. (2020). Documenting the Social Return on Investments in Access to Justice Programs: Making your Data Speak. Written by Yvon Dandurand and Tim Roberts for A2JBC Measurement Working Group).
- African Canadian Legal Clinic (2016) Report of the African Canadian Legal Clinic to the Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination Against Women. Geneva. https://tbinternet.ohchr.org/Treaties/CEDAW/Shared%20Documents/CAN/INT_CEDAW_NGO_CAN_25429_E.pdf
- Bertrand, L.D. & Paetsch, J.J. (2018). Summary Legal Advice Services in Alberta: Survey Results
from the First Two Years of Data Collection. Calgary, AB: Canadian Research Institute for Law and
the Family. http://hdl.handle.net/1880/107582 - Blazer, Michael. "The Community Legal Clinic Movement in Ontario: Practice and Theory, Means and Ends." Journal of Law and Social Policy7. (1991): 49-72. https://digitalcommons.osgoode.yorku.ca/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?referer=https://startpage.com/&httpsredir=1&article=1134&context=jlsp
- Buckley Melina. (2010) Moving Forward on Legal Aid: Research on Needs and Innovative Approaches (Ottawa: Canadian Bar Association. online: Canadian Bar Association. http://www.cba.org/CBAMediaLibrary/cba_na/images/Equal%20Justice%20-%20Microsite/PDFs/Moving-Forward-on-Legal-Aid.pdf
- Boulanger-Bonnelly, Jérémy (2020). L’accès à la justice ne se limite pas aux cliniques juridiques universitaires. In Policy Options Politiques. https://policyoptions.irpp.org/magazines/december-2020/lacces-a-la-justice-ne-se-limite-pas-aux-cliniques-juridiques-universitaires/
- Canadian Bar Association, “What Do We Want? Canada’s Future Legal Aid System: Backgrounder on National Legal Aid Benchmarks” (2015). https://www.cba.org/getattachment/Sections/CBA-Access-to-Justice-Committee/Resources/Resources/2015/What-Do-We-Want-Canada%E2%80%99s-Future-Legal-Aid-System-e/Benchmarks_Backgrounder.pdf
- Canadian Bar Association (2021) No Turning Back: CBA Task Force Report on Justice Issues Arising from COVID-19. https://www.cba.org/CBAMediaLibrary/cba_na/PDFs/Publications%20And%20Resources/2021/CBATaskForce.pdf
- Currie, Ab, (2020). Let’s Pick Up Where We Left Off 25 Years Ago To Expand Access To Civil Justice In Canada. Toronto, Canadian Forum on Civil Justice. https://cfcj-fcjc.org/wp-content/uploads/Lets-Pick-Up-Where-We-Left-Off-25-Years-Ago-To-Expand-Access-To-Civil-Justice-in-Canada-Ab-Currie.pdf
- Department of Justice Canada (2019). Legal Aid in Canada, 2018-19. Research and Statistics Division
and Legal Aid Directorate, Department of Justice Canada. https://www.justice.gc.ca/eng/rp-pr/jr/aid-aide/1819/p1.html - Farrow, Trevor C.W., Lisa Moore and Ab Currie. Toronto June 2020. Measuring Impacts of Legal Services: Bibliography, Network and Methodology, Phase 1, 2020. A Final Report for the Measuring the Impact of Legal Service Interventions Project Submitted to the Law Foundation of Ontariohttps://cfcj-fcjc.org/wp-content/uploads/Measuring-Impacts-of-Legal-Services-Bibliography-Network-and-Methodology-%E2%80%93-Trevor-Farrow-Lisa-Moore-and-Ab-Currie.pdf
- Government of Ontario (2018). Community Justice Centres. Ministry of the Attorney General Criminal Law Division. https://hsjcc.on.ca/wp-content/uploads/NY-HSJCC-Community-Justice-Centres.pdf
- Hasham, Alyshah (2020) Legal Aid Ontario facing up to $70 million funding drop amid COVID-19 ‘perfect storm’. Toronto Star, July 13, 2020. https://www.thestar.com/news/canada/2020/07/13/legal-aid-ontario-facing-up-to-70-million-funding-drop-amid-covid-19-perfect-storm.html
- Legal Aid BC. (2020) Everyday Legal Needs 2020 Survey https://legalaid.bc.ca/sites/default/files/2020-09/Everyday%20Legal%20Needs%20Survey_1.pdf
- Maclaren, Jamie, Q.C. (2019) Roads to Revival: An External Review of Legal Aid Service Delivery in British Columbia (January, 2019). https://news.gov.bc.ca/files/Roads_to_Revival-Maclaren_Legal_Aid_Review-25FEB19.pdf
- Martin, Dianne L A. (2001). A Seamless Approach to Service Delivery in Legal Aid: Fulfilling a Promise or Maintaining a Myth? Justice Canada, Research and Statistics Division. https://www.justice.gc.ca/eng/rp-pr/csj-sjc/jsp-sjp/rr01_la20-rr01_aj20/p1.html
- Mathews, Julie & Wiseman, David (2019). Community Justice Help: Advancing Community-Based Access to Justice. Toronto, Ontario: Community Legal Education Ontario. https://cleoconnect.ca/organization/cleo-community-legal-education-ontario-ducation-juridique-communautaire-ontario/
- Macnab, Aidan (2021). No area of law more affected by COVID-19 than employment law, says lawyer. Canadian Lawyer. https://www.canadianlawyermag.com/practice-areas/labour-and-employment/no-area-of-law-more-affected-by-covid-19-than-employment-law-says-lawyer/329592
- Moore, Lisa. (2020) Measuring Impacts of Legal Services: A Literature Review. Canadian Forum on Civil Justice. https://cfcj-fcjc.org/wp-content/uploads/Measuring-Impacts-of-Legal-Services-A-Literature-Review-on-Research-Design-and-Methodology-Lisa-Moore.pdf
- Moore, Lisa and Trevor C.W. Farrow (2019) Investing in Justice: A Literature Review in Support of Improved Access(Toronto: Canadian Forum on Civil Justice, August 2019) online: CFCJ https://cfcj-fcjc.org/wp-content/uploads/Investing-in -Justice-A-Literature-Review-in -Support-of-the-Case-for-Improved-Access-by-Lisa-Moore-and-Trevor-C-W-Farrow.pdf
- Noreau, P. & Pasca, A. (2014). Les grands modèles de justice de proximité : bilan d’une nouvelle pratique juridique. Revue générale de droit, 44 (2), 305–351. https://doi.org/10.7202/1028138ar
- Pro Bono Law Saskatchewan (2020). Pro Bono Law Saskatchewan Annual Report 2019. https://pblsask.ca/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/2019-Annual-Report.pdf
- Social Planning and Research Council of B.C. (2002). An Analysis of Poverty Law Services in Canada. (Legal Aid Research Series / Department of Justice Canada). https://www.justice.gc.ca/eng/rp-pr/csj-sjc/jsp-sjp/rr03_la13-rr03_aj13/index.html
- Trebilcock, Michael. (2008) Report of the Legal Aid Review (Report submitted to the Honourable Chris Bentley, Attorney General of Ontario) (Toronto: AG Ontario). www.attorneygeneral.jus.gov.on.ca/english/about/pubs/trebilcock/legal_aid_report_2008_EN.pdf
- Tsui, Emily (2020) COVID-19’s Impact on the Administration of Justice in Canada’s Arctic. The Arctic Institute. Center for Circumpolar Security Studies. https://www.thearcticinstitute.org/covid-19-impact-administration-justice-canadas-arctic/
- Zemans, Frederick H., "Recent Trends in the Organization of Legal Services" (1996). Articles & Book Chapters. 348.
https://digitalcommons.osgoode.yorku.ca/scholarly_works/34
7.1 Jurisdictional Information
British Columbia
- Legal Aid B.C. (2021) Legal Aid Locations: https://lss.bc.ca/legal_aid/legalAidLocations
- PovNet (2021) "Find an Advocate Tool" (Resource to find advocates for people who need legal assistance outside of Vancouver): https://www.povnet.org/find-an-advocate
- Community Legal Assistance Society (2021) Annual Report 2019-2020 https://clasbc.net/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/CLAS-AnnualReport-2019-2020.pdf. See also https://bchrc.net/services/legal-services for info about CLAS’ Human Rights Clinic.
- Law Foundation of British Columbia (2019) Annual Report 2019. https://www.lawfoundationbc.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/11/LFBC-Annual-Report-2019-WEBfinal_Nov-13_mobile2.pdf (see pp 12-13, 16-17 and 20 for funded clinics)
- Legal Aid B.C. https://lss.bc.ca/legal_aid/legalAidLocations_Map (An interactive map of various types of community-based or outreach services, some of which would qualify as legal clinics.)
- Clicklaw. https://www.clicklaw.bc.ca/helpmap/service/1019 (A listing of family justice centres in B.C.) Family Justice Counsellors do not provide representational services. Rather they are…"specially trained to help families with parenting arrangements, contact with a child, guardianship, and support issues. They can help parents resolve disagreements without going to court. They provide short-term counselling, mediation, emergency and community referrals and other free services."
- Access Pro Bono. https://accessjustice.ca/public/apbclinics.asp?province=BC (Contact info for 114 clinics in the province, most of which are included in the above sites. Also see wills clinic info at https://accessprobono.ca/our-programs/wills-clinic, residential tenancy (https://www.accessprobono.ca/our-programs/residential-tenancy-program)
Alberta
- Law Central Alberta: https://www.lawcentralalberta.ca/en/help/legal-clinics-and-services (This is a listing of all clinics not just in central Alberta, but throughout the province. Includes student-based clinics in Calgary and Edmonton as well.)
- Alberta Law Foundation: 2020 Annual Report: Lists a few extra clinic-type services not covered above at pp 10-11:https://static1.squarespace.com/static/5d23a55dc8a45d0001462320/t/5f7f2a3b01ab814aa50d9a55/1602169405347/2020+AR.+final.pdf
Saskatchewan
- Pro Bono Law Saskatchewan: Listing of 14 free legal clinics across the province: https://pblsask.ca/free-legal-clinics/
- Community Legal Services for Saskatoon Inner City: describes two clinics: http://www.classiclaw.ca/
- Legal Aid Saskatchewan: describes two clinics in Saskatoon: https://www.legalaid.sk.ca/legal_help/nature_of_problem/other.php
Manitoba
- Legal Aid Manitoba. Listing of 12 Community Law Centres: https://www.legalaid.mb.ca/contact/community-law-centres/, see, for example, University of Manitoba Community Law Centre: https://www.legalaid.mb.ca/services/services-we-provide/criminal/u-of-m-community-law-centre/
- Legal Aid Manitoba. Annual Report 2019-20. Service demographics, satisfaction and outcome data on p. iii and pp 15-27: https://www.legalaid.mb.ca/wp-content/uploads/Annual_Report_2020_final.pdf
- Winnipeg Legal Help Centre: describes drop-in, family law and consumer protection clinics: https://legalhelpcentre.ca/ Annual report provides issue and income data at p. 11: https://legalhelpcentre.ca/wp-content/uploads/Annual-Report-2019-20.pdf
- Child Protection Law Office: http://www.legalaid.mb.ca:8080/services/child-protection-law-office
Ontario
- Community Legal Education Ontario (CLEO): A Directory of Community Legal Clinics in Ontario (Includes both geographic community legal clinics and specialty community legal clinics [e.g., Black Legal Action Centre, Injured Workers Community Legal Clinic]). https://www.cleo.on.ca/sites/default/files/book_pdfs/ontario.pdf
- Annual reports of individual community clinics usually contain some demographic information about users.
Quebec
- Under "find a centre", lists community justice centres in each region. https://www.justicedeproximite.qc.ca/en/centres/quebec/
- Annual reports of individual community clinics in each region contain fairly consistent demographic information about users, e.g., type of contact (telephone, in-person), how they heard about the centre, income level, age, level of education, gender, region, type of legal inquiry, language, e.g., for Quebec city: https://www.justicedeproximite.qc.ca/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/Rapport_annuel_CJPQC_2019-Sansmarques-compressed.pdf or for Mauricie: https://www.justicedeproximite.qc.ca/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/Rapport_annuel_CJP-Mau_2019-compressed.pdf
- Other clinic-type services involving some representation include:
- Center for Research-Action on Race Relations http://www.crarr.org/?q=node/1
- Just Solutions Clinic https://boussolejuridique.ca/en/resource/just-solutions-clinic/
- Community Association (Mile End Community Mission) https://mileendmission.org/
New Brunswick
- Clinic-type services involving some level of lawyer consultation or representation are:
- Fredericton Legal Advice Clinic: http://frederictonlegaladviceclinic.ca/
- New Brunswick Legal Aid Services Commission (criminal and some family) http://www.legalaid-aidejuridique-nb.ca/home/
Nova Scotia
- Clinics are generally for legal info and advice. Actual legal aid representation through legal aid offices is listed here: https://www.nslegalaid.ca/legal-aid-offices/
- Selected service stats are contained in the 2019-2020 Annual report at pp 19-21, 24, 29, 32 and 35-36: https://www.nslegalaid.ca/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/2019-20-Annual-Report-Approved-September-18-2020.pdf
Prince Edward Island
- No clinic program. Legal aid locations as follows: https://pe.211.ca/result/legal-aid-division-legal-aid-63737817
Newfoundland and Labrador
- No clinic program. Legal aid locations as follows: https://www.legalaid.nl.ca/contact.html
Yukon
- No clinic program. Legal aid services will be described at the following website of Yukon Legal Services Society. It is currently not functioning and is under re-construction: https://legalaid.yk.ca/
Northwest Territories
- Legal Aid clinics are described in the 2019-2020 Annual Report of the Legal Aid Commission of the Northwest Territories at pp 18 and 29 in the following link. Selected service statistics are contained on pp 22-27. https://www.justice.gov.nt.ca/en/files/legal-aid-commission/Annual%20Reports/2019-2020%20Annual%20Report.PDF
Nunavut
- The three Nunavut legal aid clinics are described in the following link : http://nupli.ca/index.php/legalaid
- Limited case type descriptions are contained at pp 16, 18 and 20 in the 2018/2019 Annual Report: https://nulas.ca/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/Legal-Services-Board-Annual-Report-18-19.Final_.pdf
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