The Impact of the Youth Criminal Justice Act on Police Charging Practices with Young Persons: A Preliminary Statistical Assessment

Appendix (Continued)

Supplementary Figures and Tables

(a) Chargeable - Rate per 100,000 youth population
Drugs Theft under Mischief under Assault level 1 Possess stolen property Other Criminal Code Indictable property Violent (except Assault 1) Bail violations and FTA Fraud Probation violations
1986 210 2,729 514 349 247 1,865 1,961 301 143 154 58
1987 203 2,775 634 413 254 2,095 1,861 318 162 151 84
1988 201 2,657 699 442 264 2,107 1,817 352 169 153 92
1989 189 2,720 723 505 273 2,197 1,766 411 206 155 114
1990 172 2,752 710 552 301 2,010 1,924 446 226 182 95
1991 143 2,933 782 636 366 2,338 2,119 540 298 194 123
1992 151 2,790 823 691 371 2,324 1,959 561 327 200 142
1993 207 2,388 731 761 343 2,178 1,814 572 328 146 168
1994 299 2,250 725 774 336 2,121 1,682 562 310 136 202
1995 336 2,470 731 807 314 2,136 1,467 557 346 136 161
1996 367 2,402 728 814 305 2,109 1,426 545 357 138 234
1997 358 2,134 697 808 278 2,110 1,306 552 368 123 276
1998 392 1,876 665 822 247 2,121 1,226 541 397 124 261
1999 469 1,693 616 791 249 2,053 1,015 510 378 129 272
2000 593 1,683 720 902 270 2,342 1,029 563 408 128 256
2001 684 1,670 787 906 257 2,562 1,048 591 480 126 254
2002 683 1,674 782 890 270 2,479 973 576 471 110 296
1986-2002 339 2,312 710 704 290 2,188 1,538 502 350 145 185
2003 629 1,771 907 924 275 2,644 994 586 475 108 294
2002-2003 change -54 98 124 34 5 165 20 10 4 -3 -2
-7.9% 5.8% 15.9% 3.9% 2.0% 6.7% 2.1% 1.7% 0.9% -2.3% -0.6%

(b) Charged (or recommended for charging) - Rate per 100,000 youth population
  Drugs Theft under Mischief under Assault level 1 Possess stolen property Other Criminal Code Indictable property Violent (except Assault 1) Bail violations and FTA Fraud Probation violations
1986 157 1,607 207 176 202 920 1,553 233 131 115 18
1987 145 1,556 255 210 210 1,008 1,437 241 151 108 32
1988 145 1,554 316 236 223 1,074 1,413 273 156 116 38
1989 139 1,656 313 290 234 1,153 1,392 324 190 119 50
1990 138 1,804 315 337 265 1,202 1,500 359 216 143 64
1991 116 1,898 347 394 322 1,396 1,660 438 290 151 82
1992 115 1,638 354 417 325 1,375 1,511 452 318 157 100
1993 147 1,442 315 454 302 1,307 1,369 469 318 107 111
1994 204 1,300 295 462 293 1,234 1,233 456 299 98 110
1995 213 1,378 310 482 273 1,263 1,109 459 335 97 127
1996 225 1,317 305 480 264 1,250 1,084 452 345 96 151
1997 207 1,086 277 460 236 1,242 987 448 357 80 175
1998 226 986 275 463 210 1,266 922 439 384 80 183
1999 266 871 261 441 215 1,224 776 414 366 83 208
2000 317 812 268 470 225 1,291 749 445 391 83 196
2001 343 768 266 474 222 1,359 743 473 461 78 191
2002 338 739 266 465 226 1,285 681 455 450 68 230
1986-2002 205 1,304 290 398 249 1,229 1,171 404 307 104 124
2003 219 486 207 374 197 1,135 647 442 442 56 200
2002-2003 change -119 -253 -59 -90 -29 -150 -34 -13 -8 -13 -31
-35.3% -34.3% -22.1% -19.4% -12.8% -11.7% -5.0% -2.9% -1.8% -18.5% -13.3%

(c) Not charged - Rate per 100,000 youth population
  Drugs Theft under Mischief under Assault level 1 Possess stolen property Other Criminal Code Indictable property Violent (except Assault 1) Bail violations and FTA Fraud Probation violations
1986 53 1,122 307 173 44 945 408 68 12 39 40
1987 58 1,219 379 204 44 1,087 424 77 11 42 52
1988 56 1,102 384 206 41 1,034 404 78 13 37 54
1989 50 1,064 410 215 39 1,044 374 87 16 36 64
1990 35 948 394 215 36 808 425 87 9 38 31
1991 27 1,036 435 242 44 942 460 101 8 43 41
1992 36 1,153 469 273 46 949 449 109 9 44 42
1993 60 945 415 307 42 871 444 103 9 38 57
1994 95 950 430 312 43 887 449 106 10 37 92
1995 124 1,093 421 324 41 873 358 98 11 39 35
1996 142 1,085 423 333 41 859 342 94 12 43 82
1997 151 1,048 420 349 42 868 319 103 11 43 101
1998 166 890 391 360 37 856 303 102 14 44 78
1999 202 821 355 350 33 828 239 96 12 46 64
2000 276 871 452 432 44 1,051 281 118 17 45 60
2001 341 902 521 432 35 1,203 305 118 20 48 62
2002 345 935 517 425 44 1,194 292 121 21 42 66
1986-2002 134 1,008 420 306 41 960 367 98 13 42 61
2003 410 1,285 700 550 78 1,510 347 144 33 52 95
2002-2003 change 65 351 183 125 34 316 54 23 12 10 29
18.9% 37.5% 35.4% 29.3% 77.4% 26.4% 18.6% 18.9% 59.9% 24.1% 43.9%

Source: Uniform Crime Reporting Survey, Canadian Centre for Justice Statistics

Notes:

The threshold value which determines whether a theft is classified as Theft under or Theft over was $1,000 from 1986 to 1994, and $5,000 thereafter. The same thresholds apply to Mischief and Fraud. However, the UCR Survey does not differentiate Fraud under and Fraud over.

“Other Criminal Code” includes Criminal Code offences which are not against the person (“violent”) or against property; i.e. prostitution-related offences, gaming and betting, offensive weapons, arson, counterfeiting, disturb the peace, kidnapping, public morals, obstruct peace officer, trespass at night, offences against the administration of justice (except bail violations, fail to appear and violations of probation conditions, which are listed separately in this table), and miscellaneous Criminal Code offences. Criminal Code traffic offences are omitted because data for young persons apprehended for these offences are not available from the UCR Survey.

Statistics on Bail violations and Fail to appear are combined in the UCR Survey.

The great majority of violations of probation conditions are classified by police as “Failure to comply with a disposition”, which is an offence under the YOA or the YCJA , not the Criminal Code . Statistics on this offence are not provided separately by the UCR Survey. Therefore, rates of the UCR offence category "Other federal statutes" (i.e. violations of the YOA , YCJA , Income Tax Act , Competition Act , National Defence Act , and miscellaneous other federal statutes) are used as an estimate of "Probation violations", since the number of young persons apprehended for offences under the other Acts is negligible.