Drug and Driving: A Compendium of Research Studies
Drugs and Driving References
Adlaf, E.M., Mann, R.E. & Paglia, A. (2003) Drinking, cannabis use and driving among Ontario students. Canadian Medical Association Journal 168: 565-566.
Alvarez, F.J. (2004) Medicinal drugs and driving among Spaniards: data from a national survey. In: J. Oliver, P. Williams and A. Clayton (Eds) Proceedings of the 17th International Conference on Alcohol, Drugs and Traffic Safety (CD). Glasgow: Scottish Executive.
Assum, T. (2004) Drug use among car drivers in Norway. Data collection problems and some preliminary results. In: J. Oliver, P. Williams and A. Clayton (Eds) Proceedings of the 17th International Conference on Alcohol, Drugs and Traffic Safety (CD). Glasgow: Scottish Executive.
Bachs, L., Bramness, J. and Skurtveit, S. (2004) Blood morphine concentrations and clinical impairment in a population of suspected drugged drivers. In: J. Oliver, P. Williams and A. Clayton (Eds) Proceedings of the 17th International Conference on Alcohol, Drugs and Traffic Safety (CD). Glasgow: Scottish Executive.
Barbone, F; McMahon, AD; Davey, PG; Morris, AD; Reid, IC; McDevitt, DG; and MacDonald, TM. (1998). Association of road-traffic accidents with benzodiazepine use. Lancet 352 (9137): 1331-6.
Bates, M.N. and Blakely, T.A. (1999) Role of cannabis in motor vehicle crashes. Epidemiology Review 21: 222-232.
Behrensdorff, I. and Steentoft, A. (2003) Medicinal and illegal drugs among Danish car drivers. Accident Analysis and Prevention 35(6): 851-860.
Beirness, D.J., Simpson, H.M. & Desmond, K. (2004) The Road Safety Monitor 2004. Drinking and Driving. Ottawa: Traffic Injury Research Foundation.
Beirness, D.J., Simpson, H.M. & Desmond, K. (2003) The Road Safety Monitor 2002. Drugs and Driving. Ottawa: Traffic Injury Research Foundation.
Bernhoft, I.M. and Steentoft, A. (2002) Licit and Illicit drugs among Danish car drivers. In: D.R. Mayhew and C. Dussault (Eds) Proceedings of the 16th International Conference on Alcohol, Drugs and Traffic Safety. Quebec: Société de l’Assurance Automobile du Québec.
Bernhoft, I.M. Steentoft, A., Johansen, S. and Klitgaard, N.A. (2004) A qualitative analysis of drugs as a contributing factor to accidents in Denmark. In: J. Oliver, P. Williams and A. Clayton (Eds) Proceedings of the 17th International Conference on Alcohol, Drugs and Traffic Safety (CD). Glasgow: Scottish Executive.
Boase, P., Dawson, N. and Mann, R. (2004) Cannabis and road safety in Canada: Summary of information on cannabis found in drivers & recent legislative developments. In: J. Oliver, P. Williams and A. Clayton (Eds.) Proceedings of the 17th International Conference on Alcohol, Drugs and Traffic Safety (CD). Glasgow: Scottish Executive.
Bramness, J.G., Skurtveit, S. and Morland, J. (2002) Clinical impairment of benzodiazepines - Relation between benzodiazepine concentrations and impairment in apprehended drivers. In: D.R. Mayhew and C. Dussault (Eds.) Proceedings of the 16th International Conference on Alcohol, Drugs and Traffic Safety. Quebec: Société de l’Assurance Automobile du Québec.
Buttress, S., Tunbridge, R., Oliver, J.S., Torrance, H. and Wylie, F. (2004) The Incidence of Drink and Drug Driving in the UK - A Roadside Survey in Glasgow. In: J. Oliver, P. Williams and A. Clayton (Eds) Proceedings of the 17th International Conference on Alcohol, Drugs and Traffic Safety (CD). Glasgow: Scottish Executive.
Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (2003) Cannabis Use and Driving Among Ontario Adults. Population Studies eBulletin, no. 20, May/June 2003.
Chipman, M.L., Macdonald, S., and Mann, R.E. (2003) Being "at fault" in traffic crashes: does alcohol, cannabis, cocaine, or polydrug abuse make a difference? Injury Prevention 9: 343-348.
Christophersen, A.S. (2002) The role of medicines in traffic accidents in the European countries. In: D.R. Mayhew and C. Dussault (Eds) Proceedings of the 16th International Conference on Alcohol, Drugs and Traffic Safety. Quebec: Société de l’Assurance Automobile du Québec.
Christophersen, A.S. and Mørland, J. (1997) Drugged driving, a review based on the experience in Norway. Journal of Drug and Alcohol Dependence 47:125-135.
Cusack, D.A., Harrington, G., Furney, P., Flynn, K. and Leavy C.P. (2002) Driving under the influence of drugs in Ireland: A growing and significant danger. In: D.R. Mayhew and C. Dussault (Eds) Proceedings of the Annual Conference on Alcohol, Drugs and Traffic Safety. Quebec: Société de l’Assurance Automobile du Québec.
de Gier, J.J. (1998) Road Traffic and Illicit Drugs. Strasbourg, France: European Commission, Co-operation Group to Combat Drug Abuse and Illicit Trafficking of Drugs (Pompidou Group).
de Gier, JJ. (2000). Review of European investigations of illicit drug prevalence in traffic. In: 15th International Conference on Alcohol, Drugs & Traffic Safety. May 22-26, 2000. Stockholm, Sweden. International Council on Alcohol, Drugs & Traffic Safety.
del Rio, M.C. and Alvarez, F.J. (2000) Presence of illegal drugs in drivers involved in fatal road traffic accidents in Spain. Drug and Alcohol Dependence 57: 177-182.
Drummer, O. (1995). Drugs and accident risk in fatally-injured drivers. In: T95. Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Alcohol, Drugs and Traffic Safety. August 13-August 18, 1995. Adelaide, Australia. Adelaide: NHMRC, Road Accident Unit, University of Adelaide.
Drummer, O.H., Gerostamoulos, J., Batziris, H., Chu, M, Caplehorn, J., Robertson, M.D., Swann, P. (2004) The involvement of drugs in drivers of motor vehicles killed in Australian road traffic crashes Accident Analysis & Prevention; 36(2): 239-248.
Dussault, C; Lemire, AM; Bouchard, J; and Brault. M. (2000). Drug use among Quebec drivers: The 1999 roadside survey. In: 15th International Conference on Alcohol, Drugs & Traffic Safety. May 22-26, 2000. Stockholm, Sweden. International Council on Alcohol, Drugs & Traffic Safety.
Dussault, C., Brault, M., Bouchard, J. and Lemire, A.M. (2002) The Contribution of Alcohol and Other Drugs Among Fatally Injured Drivers in Quebec: Some Preliminary Results. In: D.R. Mayhew and C. Dussault (Eds) Proceedings of the 16th International Conference on Alcohol, Drugs and Traffic Safety. Quebec: Société de l’Assurance Automobile du Québec.
Fergusson, D.M. and Horwood, L.J. (2001) Cannabis use and traffic accidents in a birth cohort of young adults. Accident Analysis & Prevention 33: 703-711.
Gemmell, C.; Moran, R.; Crowley, J.; and Courtney, R. (1999). Literature Review on the Relation between Drug Use, Impaired Driving and Traffic Accidents. CT.97.EP.14. Lisbon, Portugal: European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction.
Gerostamoulos, J., McCaffrey, P., Drummer, O.H., Potter, J., Fitzgerald, M. and Odell, M. (2002) Drug prevalence in road trauma victims in Victoria. In: D.R. Mayhew and C. Dussault (Eds) Proceedings of the 16th International Conference on Alcohol, Drugs and Traffic Safety. Quebec: Société de l’Assurance Automobile du Québec.
Gjerde, H; Beylich, K; and Morland, J. (1993). Incidence of alcohol and drugs in fatally injured car drivers in Norway. Accident Analysis and Prevention 25(4): 479-483.
Hemmelgarn, B; Suissa, S; Huang, A; Bolvin , JF; and Pinard, G. (1997). Benzodiazepine use and risk of motor vehicle crash in the elderly. Journal of the American Medical Association 278: 27-31.
Ingram, D., Lancaster, B. and Hope, S. (2000) Recreational Drugs and Driving: Prevalence Survey.Edinburgh: The Scottish Executive Central Research Unit.
Jeffery, W.K., Hindmarsh, K.W. and Mullen, P.W. (1996) The involvement of drugs in driving in Canada: An update to 1994. Canadian Society of Forensic Sciences Journal 29: 93-98.
Johansen, S.S. (2002) Ecstasy and designer amphetamines findings in drivers and post-mortem cases in Denmark. In: D.R. Mayhew and C. Dussault (Eds) Proceedings of the 16th International Conference on Alcohol, Drugs and Traffic Safety. Quebec: Société de l’Assurance Automobile du Québec.
Jones, R.K.; Shinar, D.; and Walsh, J.M. (2003) State of Knowledge of Drug-Impaired Driving. DOT HS 809 642. Washington, DC.: U.S. Department of Transportation, National Highway Traffic Safety Administration.
Kelly, E., Darke, S. and Ross, J. (2004) A review of drug use and driving: epidemiology, impairment, risk factors and risk perceptions. Drug and Alcohol Review 23: 319-344.
Krüger, HP; Schulz, E; and Magerl, H. (1995). The German roadside survey 1992-1994. Saliva analyses from an unselected driver population: Licit and illicit drugs. In: TS-'95. Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Alcohol, Drugs and Traffic Safety. August 13-August 18, 1995. Adelaide, Australia. Adelaide: NHMRC, Road Accident Unit, University of Adelaide.
Lillis, RP; Good, RG; Kwong, T; Gajary, E; and States, JD. (1999). Incidence of drug use among drivers treated in emergency departments. In: 43rd Annual Proceedings of the Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine. September 20-21, 1999. Barcelona, Spain. Rochester University, NY: Association of the Advancement of Automotive Medicine.
Logan, BK and Schwilke, EW. (1996). Drug and alcohol use in fatally injured drivers in Washington State. Journal of Forensic Sciences 41(3): 505-510.
Logan, BK and Schwilke, EW. (2004) Changing patterns of alcohol and drug use in Fatally Injured Drivers in Washington State 1992-2002. In: J. Oliver, P. Williams and A. Clayton (Eds) Proceedings of the 17th International Conference on Alcohol, Drugs and Traffic Safety (CD). Glasgow: Scottish Executive.
Longo, MC; Hunter, CE; Lokan, RJ; White, JM; and White, MA. (2000) The prevalence of alcohol, cannabinoids, benzodiazepines and stimulants amongst injured drivers and their role in driver culpability - Part I: the prevalence of drug use in drivers, and characteristics of the drug-positive group. Accident Analysis and Prevention 32(5): 613-622.
Maio, R.F.; Guthrie, S.K.; Hill, E.M.; Gregor, M.A.; Waller, P.F.; and Blow, F.C. (2000) Benzodiazepine, alcohol and other drug use among injured motor vehicle crash drivers. In: Proceedings of the 44th Annual Conference of the Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine, pp. 505-507. Des Plaines, IL: Association of the Advancement of Automotive Medicine.
Mann, R.E., Brands, B., Macdonald, S. and Stoduto, G. (2003) Impacts of cannabis on driving: an analysis of current evidence with an emphasis on Canadian data. Report TP 14179E. Ottawa: Transport Canada.
Marquet, P; Delpla, P-A; Kerguelen, S; Bremond, J; Facy, F; Garnier, M; Guery, B; Lhermitte, M; Mathe, D; Pelissier, A-L; Renaudeau, C; Vest, P; and Seguela, J-P. (1998). Prevalence of drugs of abuse in urine of drivers involved in road accidents in France: A collaborative study. Journal of Forensic Sciences 43(4): 806-811.
Mercer, GW and Jeffery, WK. (1995). Alcohol, drugs, and impairment in fatal traffic accidents in British Columbia. Accident Analysis and Prevention 27(3): 335-343.
Mørland, J., Ripel, Å. and Øgaard, T. (2002) Methadone detections in blood samples from apprehended drugged drivers. In: D.R. Mayhew and C. Dussault (Eds) Proceedings of the 16th International Conference on Alcohol, Drugs and Traffic Safety. Quebec: Société de l’Assurance Automobile du Québec.
Movig, K. L. L., Mathijssen, M. P. M., Nagel, P. H. A., van Egmond, T., de Gier, J. J., Leufkens, H. G. M., & Egberts, A. C. G. (2004)Psychoactive substance use and the risk of motor vehicle accidents. Accident Analysis and Prevention 36: 631-636.
Neale, J., McKeganey, N., Hay, G. and Oliver, J. (2000) Recreational Drug Use and Driving: A Qualitative Study. Edinburgh: the Scottish Executive Central Research Unit.
Neutel, C. (1995) Risk of traffic accident injury after a prescription for benzodiazepine. Annals of Epidemiology 5(3): 239-244.
Parliamentary Travelsafe Committee (1999) Drug Driving in Queensland. Legislative Assembly of Queensland.
Potter, J. (2000). Drugs and Driving in Australia. Sydney: Austroads.
Ramaekers, J. G., Berghaus, G., van Laar M., and Drummer, O. H. (2004). Dose related risk of motor vehicle crashes after cannabis use. Drug and Alcohol Dependence 73: 109-119.
Risser, D; Stichenwirth, M; Klupp, N; Schneider, B; Stimpfl, T; Bycudilik, W; and Bauer, G. (1998). Drugs and driving in Vienna, Austria. Journal of Forensic Sciences 43(4): 827-820.
Schepens, PJ; Pauwels, A; Van Damme, P; Musuku, A; Beaucourt, L; and Selala, MI. (1998). Drugs of abuse and alcohol in weekend drivers involved in car crashes in Belgium. Annals of Emergency Medicine 31(5): 633-637.
Sexton, B.F., Tunbridge, R.J., Board, A., Jackson, P.G., Wright, K., Stark, M.M., and Englehart, K. (2002). The Influence of Cannabis and Alcohol on Driving. TRL Report 543. Crowthorne, England: Transport Research Laboratory.
Sjögren, H; Bjoernstig, U; Eriksson, A; Oehman, U; and Solarz, A. (1997). Drug and alcohol use among injured motor vehicle drivers in Sweden: prevalence, driver, crash, and injury characteristics. Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research 21(6): 968-973.
Skurtveit, S., Christophersen, A.S. and Mørland, J. (1999) Increase in driving under influence of amphetamine. Journal of Traffic Medicine 27: 17-24.
Soderstrom, C.A., Kearns, T.J., Kufera, J.A. and Dischinger, P.C. (2002) Alcohol and drug use among a large cohort of injured vehicular occupants and pedestrians treated in a trauma center. In: D.R. Mayhew and C. Dussault (Eds) Proceedings of the 16th International Conference on Alcohol, Drugs and Traffic Safety. Quebec: Société de l’Assurance Automobile du Québec.
Steentoft, A and Worm, K. (1996). Drugs in Danish traffic cases where no alcohol was found present. Journal of Traffic Medicine 24(3-4): 73-76.
Stoduto, G; Vingilis, E; Kapur, BM; Sheu, WJ; McLellan, BA; and Liban, CB. (1993). Alcohol and drug use among motor vehicle collision victims admitted to a regional trauma unit: demographic, injury, and crash characteristics. Accident Analysis and Prevention 25(4): 411-420.
Swann, P. (2000). The real risk of being killed when driving whilst impaired by cannabis. In: 15th International Conference on Alcohol, Drugs & Traffic Safety. May 22-26, 2000. Stockholm, Sweden. International Council on Alcohol, Drugs & Traffic Safety.
Thomas, R.E. (1998) Benzodiazepam use and motor vehicle accidents -- systematic review of reported association. Canadian Family Physician 44: 799-808.
Townsend, TN; Lane, J; Dewa, CS; and Brittingham, AM. (1998). Driving after drug or alcohol use; findings from the 1996 national household survey on drug abuse. (SMA) 99-3273. Washington, DC: National Highway Traffic Safety Administration.
Tunbridge, R.J., Keigan, M., and James, F.J. (2002) A comparison of the incidence of drugs in drink drivers in fatal road casualties. In: D.R. Mayhew and C. Dussault (Eds) Proceedings of the 16th International Conference on Alcohol, Drugs and Traffic Safety. Quebec: Société de l’Assurance Automobile du Québec.
Walsh, G. & Mann, R.E. (1999) On the high-road: Driving under the influence of cannabis in Ontario. Canadian Journal of Public Health 90: 260-263.
Ward, NJ and Dye, L. (1999). Cannabis and Driving: a literature review and commentary. Road Safety Research Report, No. 12. London: Department for Transport, Local Government and the Regions.
Zancaner, S; Georgetti, R; Fenato, F; Rossi, A; Tedeschi, L; Snenghi, R; Frison, G; Montisci, F; Tagliaro, F; Meroni, M; Giron, G; Marigo, M; and Ferrara, S. (1995). Psychoactive substances and driving disability: Epidemiological roadside surveys in north-east Italy. In: TS-'95. Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Alcohol, Drugs and Traffic Safety. August 13-August 18, 1995. Adelaide, Australia. Adelaide: NHMRC, Road Accident Unit, University of Adelaide.
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