Additional funding to support the delivery of criminal legal aid

Legal aid plans were provided with additional criminal legal aid funding in 2023-24 to support the delivery of criminal legal aid services to Indigenous peoples, individuals from Black and other racialized communities, as well as those with mental health issues who are overrepresented in the criminal justice system. Additional funding could also be used to support the ongoing use of technological innovations and service delivery enhancements implemented during the pandemic. Table 19 provides a detailed inventory of the funded initiatives.

Out of the 56 initiatives highlighted by legal aid plans in 2023-24, three-quarters were service delivery initiatives with money spent for training/professional development, anti-racism and cultural sensitivity initiatives, and to reduce backlogs and expand access to court time through hiring additional counsel/staff. The remaining quarter were technological funding mainly used to support/improve information technology capacities (e.g., network upgrades, digital transformations).

Table 1 - Legal aid plan revenues, by type of revenue, annual, 2023-24
Type of Revenue
Total legal aid plan revenuesFootnote 1 of Table 1
Dollars (%)		 Federal contributions from 2023-24 agreements P/T contributions to legal aid plansFootnote 4 of Table 1
Dollars (%)		 Client contributions and cost recoveries to legal aid plansFootnote 5 of Table 1
Dollars (%)		 Contributions of the legal profession and interest earned from lawyers’ trust accountsFootnote 6 of Table 1
Dollars (%)		 Other legal aid plan revenues
Dollars (%)
Criminal (+civil in territories)
Dollars (%)Footnote 2 of Table 1		 I&RFootnote 3 of Table 1
Dollars (%)
N.L. 24,858,137 100% 3,405,188 14% 585,117 2% 16,318,370 66% 80,030 0% 4,234,745 17% 234,687 1%
P.E.I. 1,361,915 100% 612,046 45%     749,869 55% 0 0% 0 0% 0 0%
N.S. 34,040,720 100% 5,737,396 17% 876,450 3% 26,472,304 78% 44,386 0% 138,062 0% 772,122 2%
N.B. 14,727,170 100% 3,510,018 24% 85,000 1% 9,488,321 64% 747,230 5% 200,000 1% 696,601 5%
Que. 189,099,360 100% 36,018,898 19% 11,900,000 6% 134,997,134 71% 3,654,366 2% - 0% 2,528,962 1%
Ont. 760,597,238 100% 70,707,070 9% 60,600,000 8% 270,590,390 36% 17,547,542 2% 330,779,002 43% 10,373,234 1%
Man. 45,303,070 100% 11,517,766 25% 268,000 1% 22,155,445 49% 1,790,153 4% 8,936,992 20% 634,714 1%
Sask. 32,133,625 100% 10,727,914 33%     20,705,086 64% 5,852 0% 0 0% 694,773 2%
Alta. 175,786,763 100% 26,689,550 15% 1,306,103 1% 115,424,450 66% 4,730,842 3% 22,664,880 13% 4,970,938 3%
B.C. 142,086,656 100% 24,901,651 18% 13,360,480 9% 97,477,137 69% 0 0% 4,635,000 3% 1,712,388 1%
Yuk. 3,826,234 100% 1,616,465 42%     2,199,769 57% 0 0% 0 0% 10,000 0%
N.W.T. 6,185,936 100% 3,155,151 51%     3,030,785 49% 0 0% 0 0% 0 0%
Nvt. Footnote – of Table 1 Footnote – of Table 1 Footnote – of Table 1 Footnote – of Table 1     Footnote – of Table 1 Footnote – of Table 1 Footnote – of Table 1 Footnote – of Table 1 Footnote – of Table 1 Footnote – of Table 1 Footnote – of Table 1 Footnote – of Table 1
Canada 1,430,006,824 100% 198,599,113 14% 88,981,150 6% 719,609,060 50% 28,600,401 2% 371,588,681 26% 22,628,419 2%
Table 2a - Legal aid plan expenditures, by type of expenditure, 2023-24
Total ExpendituresFootnote 1 of Table 2
Dollars (%)		 Legal Services Expenditures
(including administrative and other costs)
Criminal matters
Dollars (%)		 Civil matters
I&RFootnote 2 of Table 2
Dollars (%)		 All other civil
Dollars (%)
N.L. 20,139,141 100% 12,958,723 64% 264,619 1% 6,915,799 34%
P.E.I. 2,420,961 100% 1,196,518 49%     1,224,443 51%
N.S. 34,313,003 100% 20,666,040 60% 875,845 3% 12,771,118 37%
N.B. 12,671,983 100% 7,131,335 56% 206,363 2% 5,334,285 42%
Que. 228,394,257 100% 96,997,015 42% 12,273,303 5% 119,123,939 52%
Ont. 532,207,398 100% 237,188,661 45% 71,753,985 13% 223,264,752 42%
Man. 30,156,848 100% 28,034,080 93% 327,216 1% 1,795,552 6%
Sask. 33,289,593 100% 26,528,691 80%     6,760,902 20%
Alta. 138,612,975 100% 108,947,635 79% 1,904,492 1% 27,760,848 20%
B.C. 114,589,367 100% 62,746,281 55% 11,606,616 10% 40,236,470 35%
Yuk. 3,816,234 100% Footnote – of Table 2A Footnote – of Table 2A     Footnote – of Table 2A Footnote – of Table 2A
N.W.T. 6,185,936 43% 1,853,569 30%     813,721 13%
Nvt. Footnote – of Table 2A Footnote – of Table 2A Footnote – of Table 2A Footnote – of Table 2A     Footnote – of Table 2A Footnote – of Table 2A
Canada 1,156,797,696 100% 604,248,548 52% 99,212,439 9% 446,001,829 39%
Table 2b - Total administrative and other costs, 2023-24
  Dollars
N.L. 2,434,682
P.E.I. 146,414
N.S. 3,344,168
N.B. 1,541,288
Que. 31,921,442
Ont. 54,714,514
Man. 5,867,324
Sask. 4,441,680
Alta. 7,633,155
B.C. 10,276,557
Yuk. 3,345,652
N.W.T. 3,518,646
Nvt. –
Canada 129,185,522
Table 3 - Legal aid applications received, by type of matter, 2023-24
  Total legal aid applicationsFootnote 1 of Table 3
Number (%)		 Criminal legal aid applications P/T offences
Number (%)Footnote 3 of Table 3		 Civil legal aid applications
Total criminal applications
Number (%)		 Adult YouthFootnote 2 of Table 3 Total civil applications (including I&R)
Number (%)		 Child ProtectionFootnote 4 of Table 3 FamilyFootnote 5 of Table 3 Non-familyFootnote 6 of Table 3 I&RFootnote 7 of Table 3
N.L. 7,438 100% 4,513 61% 4,116 397 0 0% 2,925 39% 2,783 0 0 142
P.E.I. 1,358 100% 1,067 79% 934 133 0 0% 291 21% 32 244 15  
N.S.Footnote 8 of Table 3 39,313 100% 24,738 63% 23,454 1,284 797 2% 13,778 35% 1,002 10,279 2,202 295
N.B. 5,085 100% 2,834 56% 2,635 199 6 0% 2,245 44% 452 1,652 5 136
Que. 232,299 100% 94,459 41% 85,320 9,139 8,980 4% 128,860 55% 47,760 29,322 40,258 11,520
Ont. 149,872 100% 70,546 47% 66,294 4,252 0 0% 79,326 53% 3,874 20,493 8,079 46,880
Man. 28,406 100% 19,348 68% 17,704 1,644 61 0% 8,997 32% 1,757 5,678 832 730
Sask. 24,759 100% 17,873 72% 15,993 1,880 0 0% 6,886 28% 899 5,987 0  
Alta. 55,790 100% 41,794 75% 40,046 1,748 230 0% 13,766 25% 1,605 10,079 564 1,518
B.C. 38,969 100% 20,702 53% 19,754 948 1,415 4% 16,852 43% 2,317 9,087 0 5,448
Yuk. 1,755 100% 1,386 79% 1,309 77 9 1% 360 21% 27 180 153  
N.W.T. 938 100% 674 72% 664 10 0 0% 264 28% 32 232 0  
Nvt. Footnote – of Table 3 Footnote – of Table 3 Footnote – of Table 3 Footnote – of Table 3 Footnote – of Table 3 Footnote – of Table 3 Footnote – of Table 3 Footnote – of Table 3 Footnote – of Table 3 Footnote – of Table 3 Footnote – of Table 3 Footnote – of Table 3 Footnote – of Table 3  
Canada 585,982 100% 299,934 51% 278,223 21,711 11,498 2% 274,550 47% 62,540 93,233 52,108 66,669
Table 4 - Legal aid applications approved for full legal representation, by staff and private bar lawyers, annual, 2023-24
  Total approved legal aid applicationsFootnote 1 of Table 4
Number (%)		 Criminal applicationsFootnote 2 of Table 4 P/T offencesFootnote 5 of Table 4
Number (%)		 Civil applicationsFootnote 3 of Table 4
Total approved criminal applications
Number (%)		 Adult YouthFootnote 4 of Table 4 Total approved civil legal aid applications
Number (%)		 Child protectionFootnote 6 of Table 4 FamilyFootnote 7 of Table 4 Non-familyFootnote 8 of Table 4 I&RFootnote 9 of Table 4
N.L. 3,876 100% 2,916 75% 2,561 355 0 0% 960 25% 877 0 0 83
P.E.I. 1,127 100% 988 88% 855 133 0 0% 139 12% 139 0 0  
N.S. 16,950 100% 12,246 72% 11,226 1,020 32 0% 4,672 28% 705 2,846 853 268
N.B. 3,637 100% 2,218 61% 2,023 195 1 0% 1,418 39% 415 1,000 3 Footnote – of Table 4
Que. 198,407 100% 81,615 41% 72,761 8,854 7,663 4% 109,129 55% 45,832 22,037 30,422 10,838
Ont. 138,436 100% 66,554 48% 62,094 4,460 0 0% 71,882 52% 3,499 15,829 7,793 44,761
Man. 34,044 100% 27,763 82% 25,814 1,949 38 0% 6,243 18% 1,474 3,754 367 648
Sask. 17,889 100% 14,054 79% 12,243 1,811 0 0% 3,835 21% 751 3,084 0  
Alta. 39,716 100% 32,220 81% 30,707 1,513 203 1% 7,293 18% 1,313 4,659 57 1,264
B.C. 31,463 100% 18,000 57% 17,080 920 1,143 4% 12,320 39% 1,731 5,939 0 4,650
Yuk. 1,616 100% 1,349 83% 1,274 75 9 1% 258 16% 19 114 125  
N.W.T. 523 100% 395 76% 385 10 0 0% 128 24% 17 111 0  
Nvt. Footnote – of Table 4   Footnote – of Table 4   Footnote – of Table 4 Footnote – of Table 4 Footnote – of Table 4 Footnote – of Table 4 Footnote – of Table 4 Footnote – of Table 4 Footnote – of Table 4 Footnote – of Table 4 Footnote – of Table 4  
CDA 487,684 100% 260,318 53% 239,023 21,295 9,089 2% 218,277 45% 56,772 59,373 39,620 62,512
Table 5 - Refused legal aid applications, by reason for refusal, all legal aid matters, 2023-24
  Total reasons for refusalFootnote 2 of Table 5
Number (%)		 Reasons for refusalFootnote 1 of Table 5
Financial eligibilityFootnote 3 of Table 5
Number (%)		 Coverage restrictionsFootnote 4 of Table 5
Number (%)		 Lack of meritFootnote 5 of Table 5
Number (%)		 Non-compliance or abuseFootnote 6 of Table 5
Number (%)		 Other reasons for refusalFootnote 7 of Table 5 &Footnote 8 of Table 5
Number (%)
N.L. 2,713 100% 392 14% 0 0% 364 13% 0 0% 1,957 72%
P.E.I. 92 100% 83 90% 0 0% 6 7% 0 0% 3 3%
N.S. 2,124 100% 935 44% 362 17% 145 7% 359 17% 323 15%
N.B. 465 100% 232 50% 144 31% 11 2% 0 0% 78 17%
Que. 29,278 100% 21,175 72% 4,271 15% 775 3% 38 0% 3,019 10%
Ont. 9,620 100% 5,770 60% 3,038 32% 508 5% 0 0% 304 3%
Man. 8,538 100% 3,372 39% 2,162 25% 1239 15% 55 1% 1,710 20%
Sask. 3,934 100% 2,521 64% 943 24% 423 11% 19 0% 28 1%
Alta. 15,495 100% 3,746 24% 2933 19% 0 0% 0 0% 8,816 57%
B.C. 7,506 100% 1,353 18% 686 9% 0 0% 0 0% 5,467 73%
Yuk. 52 100% 45 87% 0 0% 5 10% 2 4% 0 0%
N.W.T. 413 100% 67 16% 1 0% 345 84% Footnote – of Table 5 Footnote – of Table 5 Footnote – of Table 5 Footnote – of Table 5
Nvt. Footnote – of Table 5 Footnote – of Table 5 Footnote – of Table 5 Footnote – of Table 5 Footnote – of Table 5 Footnote – of Table 5 Footnote – of Table 5 Footnote – of Table 5 Footnote – of Table 5 Footnote – of Table 5 Footnote – of Table 5 Footnote – of Table 5
Canada 80,230 100% 39,691 49% 14,540 18% 3,821 5% 473 1% 21,705 27%
Table 6 - Refused legal aid applications, by reason for refusal, criminal matters, 2023-24
  Total reasons for refusalFootnote 2 of Table 6
Number (%)		 Reasons for refusalFootnote 1 of Table 6
Financial eligibilityFootnote 3 of Table 6
Number (%)		 Coverage restrictionsFootnote 4 of Table 6
Number (%)		 Lack of meritFootnote 5 of Table 6
Number (%)		 Non-compliance
or abuseFootnote 6 of Table 6
Number (%)		 Other reasons for refusalFootnote 7 of Table 6 &Footnote 8 of Table 6
Number (%)
N.L. 1,176 100% 187 16% 0 0% 63 5% 0 0% 926 79%
P.E.I. 61 100% 61 100% 0 0% 0 0% 0 0% 0 0%
N.S. 772 100% 335 43% 85 11% 32 4% 158 20% 162 21%
N.B. 293 100% 109 37% 116 40% 9 3% 0 0% 59 20%
Que. 9,191 100% 7,643 83% 628 7% 23 0% 3 0% 894 10%
Ont. 4,737 100% 2,334 49% 2,012 42% 259 5% 0 0% 132 3%
Man. 4,823 100% 1,933 40% 1,312 27% 369 8% 22 0% 1,187 25%
Sask. 2,126 100% 1,355 64% 718 34% 36 2% 11 1% 6 0%
Alta. 8,835 100% 2,057 23% 256 3% 0 0% 0 0% 6,522 74%
B.C. 2,702 100% 467 17% 221 8% 0 0% 0 0% 2,014 75%
Yuk. 28 100% 24 86% 0 0% 3 11% 1 4% 0 0%
N.W.T. 279 100% 28 10% 0 0% 1 0% 2 1% 248 89%
Nvt. Footnote – of Table 6 Footnote – of Table 6 Footnote – of Table 6 Footnote – of Table 6 Footnote – of Table 6 Footnote – of Table 6 Footnote – of Table 6 Footnote – of Table 6 Footnote – of Table 6 Footnote – of Table 6 Footnote – of Table 6 Footnote – of Table 6
Canada 35,023 100% 16,533 47% 5,348 15% 795 2% 197 1% 12,150 35%
Table 7 - Refused legal aid applications, by reason for refusal, civil matters, 2023-24
  Total refusedFootnote 1 of Table 7,Footnote 2 of Table 7
Number (%)		 Financial eligibilityFootnote 3 of Table 7
Number (%)		 Coverage restrictionsFootnote 4 of Table 7
Number (%)		 Lack of meritFootnote 5 of Table 7
Number (%)		 Non-compliance or abuseFootnote 6 of Table 7
Number (%)		 Other reasons
for refusal Footnote 7 of Table 7 &Footnote 8 of Table 7
Number (%)
N.L. Other Civil 1,486 100% 204 14% 0 0% 286 19% 0 0% 996 67%
I&R 51 100% 1 2% 0 0% 15 29% 0 0% 35 69%
Total 1,537 100% 205 13% 0 0% 301 20% 0 0% 1,031 67%
P.E.I. Other Civil 31 100% 22 71% 0 0% 6 19% 0 0% 3 10%
I&R                        
Total 31 100% 22 71% 0 0% 6 19% 0 0% 3 10%
N.S. Other Civil 1,296 100% 580 45% 263 20% 106 8% 192 15% 155 12%
I&R 27 100% 17 63% 6 22% 3 11% 0 0% 1 4%
Total 1,323 100% 597 45% 269 20% 109 8% 192 15% 156 12%
N.B. Other Civil 171 100% 123 72% 27 16% 2 1% 0 0% 19 11%
I&R 1   0 0% 0 0% 1 100% 0 0% 0 0%
Total 172 100% 123 72% 27 16% 3 2% 0 0% 19 11%
Que. Other Civil 18,222 100% 12,497 69% 3,047 17% 734 4% 33 0% 1,911 10%
I&R 654 100% 531 81% 17 3% 16 2% 2 0% 88 13%
Total 18,876 100% 13,028 69% 3,064 16% 750 4% 35 0% 1,999 11%
Ont. Other Civil 3,993 100% 2,985 75% 750 19% 106 3% 0 0% 152 4%
I&R 890 100% 451 51% 276 31% 143 16% 0 0% 20 2%
Total 4,883 100% 3,436 70% 1,026 21% 249 5% 0 0% 172 4%
Man. Other Civil 3,578 100% 1,403 39% 816 23% 833 23% 33 1% 493 14%
I&R 98 100% 28 29% 21 21% 23 23% 0 0% 26 27%
Total 3,676 100% 1,431 39% 837 23% 856 23% 33 1% 519 14%
Sask. Other Civil 1,808 100% 1,166 64% 225 12% 387 21% 8 0% 22 1%
I&R                        
Total 1,808 100% 1,166 64% 225 12% 387 21% 8 0% 22 1%
Alta. Other Civil 6,373 100% 1,636 26% 2,637 41% 0 0% 0 0% 2,100 33%
I&R 261 100% 53 20% 40 15% 0 0% 0 0% 168 64%
Total 6,634 100% 1,689 25% 2677 40% 0 0% 0 0% 2,268 34%
B.C. Other Civil 3,734 100% 568 15% 163 4% 0 0% 0 0% 3,003 80%
I&R 798 100% 266 33% 294 37% 0 0% 0 0% 238 30%
Total 4,532 100% 834 18% 457 10% 0 0% 0 0% 3,241 72%
Yuk. Other Civil 24 100% 21 88% 0 0% 2 8% 1 4% 0 0%
I&R                        
Total 24 100% 21 88% 0 0% 2 8% 1 4% 0 0%
N.W.T. Other Civil 124 100% 39 31% 0 0% 0 0% 0 0% 85 69%
I&R                        
Total 124 100% 39 31% 0 0% 0 0% 0 0% 85 69%
Canada Other Civil 40,840 100% 21,244 52% 7,928 19% 2,462 6% 267 1% 8,939 22%
I&R 2,780 100% 1,347 48% 654 24% 201 7% 2 0% 576 21%
Total 43,620 100% 22,591 52% 8,582 20% 2,663 6% 269 1% 9,515 22%
Table 8 - Applications for full legal representation, approved and refused, by self-identified Indigenous population, criminal and civil, and province/territory, 2023-24
  All criminal and civil applicationsFootnote 1 of Table 8 Criminal legal aid applications Civil legal aidFootnote 4 of Table 8 applications
Total received
Number (%)		 Total approvedFootnote 2 of Table 8
Number (%)		 Total
refusedFootnote 3 of Table 8
Number (%)		 Total received Total approved
Number (%)		 Total refused
Number (%)		 Total received Total approved
Number (%)		 Total refused
Number (%)
N.L. 517 100% 400 77% 117 23% 451 351 78% 100 22% 66 49 74% 17 26%
P.E.I. 79 100% 78 99% 1 1% 69 68 99% 1 1% 10 10 100% 0 0%
N.S. 1,761 100% 1,581 90% 180 10% 1,298 1,231 95% 67 5% 463 350 76% 113 24%
N.B. 394 100% 357 91% 37 9% 279 251 90% 28 10% 115 106 92% 9 8%
Que. Footnote – of Table 8 Footnote – of Table 8 Footnote – of Table 8 Footnote – of Table 8 Footnote – of Table 8 Footnote – of Table 8 Footnote – of Table 8 Footnote – of Table 8 Footnote – of Table 8 Footnote – of Table 8 Footnote – of Table 8 Footnote – of Table 8 Footnote – of Table 8 Footnote – of Table 8 Footnote – of Table 8 Footnote – of Table 8
Ont. 19,312 100% 18,368 95% 944 5% 15,626 14,973 96% 653 4% 3,686 3,395 92% 291 8%
Man. 13,703 100% 9,963 73% 3,740 27% 10,430 7,799 75% 2,631 25% 3,273 2,164 66% 1,109 34%
Sask. 14,090 100% 12,073 86% 2,017 14% 11,015 9,840 89% 1,175 11% 3,075 2,233 73% 842 27%
Alta. Footnote – of Table 8 Footnote – of Table 8 Footnote – of Table 8 Footnote – of Table 8 Footnote – of Table 8 Footnote – of Table 8 Footnote – of Table 8 Footnote – of Table 8 Footnote – of Table 8 Footnote – of Table 8 Footnote – of Table 8 Footnote – of Table 8 Footnote – of Table 8 Footnote – of Table 8 Footnote – of Table 8 Footnote – of Table 8
B.C. 7,664 100% 6,453 84% 1,211 16% 5,383 4,827 90% 556 10% 2,281 1,626 71% 655 29%
Yuk. 13 100% 12 92% 1 0 11 10 91% 1 9% 2 2 100% 0 0%
N.W.T. 585 100% 473 81% 112 0 369 366 99% 3 1% 216 107 50% 109 50%
Nvt. Footnote – of Table 8 Footnote – of Table 8 Footnote – of Table 8 Footnote – of Table 8 Footnote – of Table 8 Footnote – of Table 8 Footnote – of Table 8 Footnote – of Table 8 Footnote – of Table 8 Footnote – of Table 8 Footnote – of Table 8 Footnote – of Table 8 Footnote – of Table 8 Footnote – of Table 8 Footnote – of Table 8 Footnote – of Table 8
Canada 58,118 100% 49,758 86% 8,360 14% 44,931 39,716 88% 5,215 12% 13,187 10,042 76% 3,145 24%
Table 9 - Duty counsel services, by type of matter, 2023-24
  Total duty counsel services
Number (%)		 Criminal duty counsel servicesFootnote 1 of Table 9 Provincial Statute Offences
Number (%)		 Civil duty counsel servicesFootnote 2 of Table 9
Total criminal duty counsel services
Number (%)		 Adult matters YouthFootnote 3 of Table 9 matters Total civil duty counsel services
Number (%)		 I&RFootnote 4 of Table 9 Other civil mattersFootnote 5 of Table 9
N.L.Footnote P of Table 9 11,200 100% 10,499 94% 10,151 348 0 0% 701 6% 0 701
P.E.I. 780 100% 780 100% 780 0 0 0% 0 0%   0
N.S.Footnote A of Table 9 19,071 100% 16,131 85% 15,676 455 697 4% 2,243 12% 0 2,243
N.B.Footnote A of Table 9 24,076 100% 22,363 93% 21,555 808 653 3% 1,060 4% Footnote – of Table 9 1,060
Que. 23,042 100% 23,042 100% 23,042 0 0 0% 0 0% 0 0
Ont.Footnote A of Table 9 1,149,086 100% 1,028,578 90% 1,011,020 17,558 0 0% 120,508 10% 76 120,432
Man.Footnote A of Table 9 56,740 100% 53,411 94% 47,910 5,501 0 0% 3,329 6% 0 3,329
Sask.Footnote A of Table 9 35,832 100% 35,436 99% 32,741 2,695 396 1% 0 0%   0
Alta. Footnote – of Table 9 Footnote – of Table 9 Footnote – of Table 9 Footnote – of Table 9 Footnote – of Table 9 Footnote – of Table 9 Footnote – of Table 9 Footnote – of Table 9 Footnote – of Table 9 Footnote – of Table 9 Footnote – of Table 9 Footnote – of Table 9
B.C.Footnote A of Table 9 93,717 100% 66,384 71% 64,731 1,653 0 0% 27,333 29% 0 27,333
Yuk. 1,708 100% 1,642 96% 1,588 54 10 1% 56 3%   56
N.W.T. 2,841 100% 2,841 100% 2,664 177 0 0% 0 0%   Footnote – of Table 9
Nvt. Footnote – of Table 9 Footnote – of Table 9 Footnote – of Table 9 Footnote – of Table 9 Footnote – of Table 9 Footnote – of Table 9 Footnote – of Table 9 Footnote – of Table 9 Footnote – of Table 9 Footnote – of Table 9   Footnote – of Table 9
Canada 1,418,093 100% 1,261,107 89% 1,231,858 29,249 1,756 0% 155,230 11% 76 155,154
Table 10 - Duty counsel service expenditures, by type of matter, 2023-24
  Total duty counsel servicesFootnote 1 of Table 10
Dollars (%)		 Criminal duty counsel servicesFootnote 2 of Table 10 Provincial Statute Offences
Dollars (%)		 Civil duty counsel servicesFootnote 3 of Table 10
Total criminal duty counsel services
Dollars (%)		 Adult matters YouthFootnote 4 of Table 10 matters Total civil duty counsel services
Dollars (%)		 I&RFootnote 5 of Table 10 Other civil mattersFootnote 6 of Table 10
N.L. 226,940 100% 226,940 100% 224,333 2,607 Footnote – of Table 10 0% Footnote – of Table 10 0% Footnote – of Table 10 Footnote – of Table 10
P.E.I. 66,162 100% 66,162 100% 66,162 Footnote – of Table 10 Footnote – of Table 10 0% Footnote – of Table 10 0%   Footnote – of Table 10
N.S. 2,863,379 100% 2,454,392 86% 2,399,829 54,563 Footnote – of Table 10 0% 408,987 14% Footnote – of Table 10 408,987
N.B. 1,889,596 100% 1,704,440 90% 1,695,802 8,638 5,338 0% 179,818 10% Footnote – of Table 10 179,818
Que. 1,385,349 100% 1,385,349 100% 1,385,349 Footnote – of Table 10 Footnote – of Table 10 0% Footnote – of Table 10 0% Footnote – of Table 10 Footnote – of Table 10
Ont. 97,677,232 100% 70,698,152 72% 69,369,913 1,328,239 Footnote – of Table 10 0% 26,979,080 28% 3,636 26,975,444
Man. 3,220,025 100% 3,026,252 94% 2,717,850 308,402 Footnote – of Table 10 0% 193,773 6% Footnote – of Table 10 193,773
Sask. 5,426,886 100% 5,421,299 100% 5,030,236 391,063 4,252 0% 1,335 0%   1,335
Alta. 23,785,430 100% 23,785,430 100% 22,941,777 843,653   0% Footnote – of Table 10 0% Footnote – of Table 10  
B.C. 18,987,788 100% 12,064,487 64% 11,593,939 470,548 759,889 4% 6,163,412 32% 400,944 5,762,468
Yuk. 156,137 100% Footnote – of Table 10 Footnote – of Table 10 Footnote – of Table 10 Footnote – of Table 10 Footnote – of Table 10 Footnote – of Table 10 Footnote – of Table 10 Footnote – of Table 10   Footnote – of Table 10
N.W.T. 889,827 100% Footnote – of Table 10 Footnote – of Table 10 Footnote – of Table 10 Footnote – of Table 10 Footnote – of Table 10 Footnote – of Table 10 Footnote – of Table 10 Footnote – of Table 10   Footnote – of Table 10
Nvt. Footnote – of Table 10 Footnote – of Table 10 Footnote – of Table 10 Footnote – of Table 10 Footnote – of Table 10 Footnote – of Table 10 Footnote – of Table 10 Footnote – of Table 10 Footnote – of Table 10 Footnote – of Table 10   Footnote – of Table 10
Canada 156,574,751 100% 120,832,903 77% 117,425,190 3,407,713 769,479 0% 33,926,405 22% 404,580 33,521,825
Table 11 - Appeal applications, approved and refused, for legal aid services, by criminal and civil matters, 2023-24
  Total criminal and civil matters Criminal matters (adult and youth) Civil matters (including I&R)
Total approved and refused appealsFootnote 1 of Table 11
Number (%)		 Total approved appeals
Number (%)		 Total refused appeals
Number (%)		 Approved and refused appeals
Number (%)		 Approved appeals
Number (%)		 Refused appeals
Number (%)		 Approved and refused appeals
Number (%)		 Approved appeals
Number (%)		 Refused appeals
Number (%)
N.L. Footnote – of Table 11 Footnote – of Table 11 Footnote – of Table 11 Footnote – of Table 11 Footnote – of Table 11 Footnote – of Table 11 Footnote – of Table 11 Footnote – of Table 11 Footnote – of Table 11 Footnote – of Table 11 Footnote – of Table 11 Footnote – of Table 11 Footnote – of Table 11 Footnote – of Table 11 Footnote – of Table 11 Footnote – of Table 11 Footnote – of Table 11 Footnote – of Table 11
P.E.I. 1 100% 1 100% 0 0% 1 100% 1 100% 0 0% 0   0   0  
N.S. 101 100% 77 76% 24 24% 71 100% 54 76% 17 24% 30 100% 23 77% 7 23%
N.B. 22 100% 12 55% 10 45% 10 100% 9 90% 1 10% 12 100% 3 25% 9 75%
Que. 687 100% 415 60% 272 40% 288 100% 211 73% 77 27% 399 100% 204 51% 195 49%
Ont. 9,939 100% 9,716 98% 223 2% 1,137 100% 1,001 88% 136 12% 8,802 100% 8,715 99% 87 1%
Man. 132 100% 56 42% 76 58% 107 100% 46 43% 61 57% 25 100% 10 40% 15 60%
Sask. 36 100% 36 100% 0 0% 36 100% 36 100% 0 0% 0   0   0  
Alta. Footnote – of Table 11 Footnote – of Table 11 Footnote – of Table 11 Footnote – of Table 11 Footnote – of Table 11 Footnote – of Table 11 Footnote – of Table 11 Footnote – of Table 11 Footnote – of Table 11 Footnote – of Table 11 Footnote – of Table 11 Footnote – of Table 11 Footnote – of Table 11 Footnote – of Table 11 Footnote – of Table 11 Footnote – of Table 11 Footnote – of Table 11 Footnote – of Table 11
B.C. 1,244 100% 632 51% 612 49% 326 100% 85 26% 241 74% 918 100% 547 60% 371 40%
Yuk. 5 100% 4 80% 1 20% 5 100% 4 80% 1 20% 0   0   0  
N.W.T. 10 100% 8 80% 2 20% 10 100% 8 80% 2 20% 0   0   0  
Nvt. Footnote – of Table 11 Footnote – of Table 11 Footnote – of Table 11 Footnote – of Table 11 Footnote – of Table 11 Footnote – of Table 11 Footnote – of Table 11 Footnote – of Table 11 Footnote – of Table 11 Footnote – of Table 11 Footnote – of Table 11 Footnote – of Table 11 Footnote – of Table 11 Footnote – of Table 11 Footnote – of Table 11 Footnote – of Table 11 Footnote – of Table 11 Footnote – of Table 11
Canada 12,177 100% 10,957 90% 1,220 10% 1,991 100% 1,455 73% 536 27% 10,186 100% 9,502 93% 684 7%
Table 12 - Legal aid clients, by age, gender, and type of matter, Canada, 2023-24
  Type of matter Total
Number (%)
Criminal
Number (%)		 I&RFootnote 1 of Table 12
Number (%)		 Civil
Number (%)		 Criminal and Civil (combined)Footnote 2 of Table 12
Number (%)
Male 17 and under 12,232 7% 313 1% 16,331 29% 416 2% 29,292 10%
Male 18-34 79,215 44% 21,199 54% 12,130 21% 9,108 41% 121,652 41%
Male 35-49 62,532 35% 14,205 36% 15,958 28% 9,494 43% 102,189 34%
Male 50+ 25,648 14% 3,505 9% 12,254 22% 3,199 14% 44,606 15%
Total Males 179,627 100% 39,222 100% 56,673 100% 22,217 100% 297,739 100%
Female 17 and under 3,883 8% 239 1% 17,096 18% 305 3% 21,523 12%
Female 18-34 23,004 47% 10,436 49% 32,463 35% 4,698 41% 70,601 40%
Female 35-49 17,375 36% 7,766 37% 31,023 33% 5,279 47% 61,443 35%
Female 50+ 4,600 9% 2,652 13% 13,316 14% 1,059 9% 21,627 12%
Total Females 48,862 100% 21,093 100% 93,898 100% 11,341 100% 175,194 100%
Other 17 and under 1,262 15% 7 0% 1,000 22% 1,964 22% 4,233 18%
Other 18-34 4,067 47% 749 49% 1,643 37% 4,021 44% 10,480 44%
Other 35-49 2,123 25% 612 40% 1,182 26% 2,306 25% 6,223 26%
Other 50+ 1,179 14% 153 10% 638 14% 810 9% 2,780 12%
Total OtherFootnote 3 of Table 12 8,631 100% 1521 100% 4,463 100% 9,101 100% 23,716 100%
Total 17 and under 17,377 7% 559 1% 34,427 22% 2,685 6% 55,048 11%
Total 18-34 106,286 45% 32,384 52% 46,236 30% 17,827 42% 202,733 41%
Total 35-49 82,030 35% 22,583 37% 48,163 31% 17,079 40% 169,855 34%
Total 50+ 31,427 13% 6,310 10% 26,208 17% 5,068 12% 69,013 14%
Canada 237,120 100% 61,836 100% 155,034 100% 42,659 100% 496,649 100%
Table 13 - Indigenous legal aid clients receiving full legal representation and summary services, by gender and type of matter, 2023-24
Total criminal and civilFootnote 1 of Table 13
Number (%)		 Criminal CivilFootnote 3 of Table 13
Total criminal adult
Number (%)		 Adult YouthFootnote 2 of Table 13 Total criminal youth
Number (%)
Male Female Other Male Female Other Male Female Other Total civil
Number (%)
N.L. 517 100% 444 1% 353 91 Footnote * of Table 13 5 Footnote * of Table 13 Footnote * of Table 13 7 0% 22 44 Footnote * of Table 13 66 1%
P.E.I. 78 100% 62 0% 22 39 Footnote * of Table 13 Footnote * of Table 13 Footnote * of Table 13 Footnote * of Table 13 6 0% Footnote * of Table 13 6 Footnote * of Table 13 10 0%
N.B. 686 100% 426 1% 304 122 Footnote * of Table 13 35 5 Footnote * of Table 13 40 1% 72 148 Footnote * of Table 13 220 2%
N.S. 2224 100% 1695 4% 1152 538 5 96 28 Footnote * of Table 13 126 4% 126 275 Footnote * of Table 13 403 4%
Ont. 18,368 100% 14,109 37% 10,363 3,622 124 569 284 11 864 31% 1,235 2,085 75 3,395 33%
Man. 9,978 100% 7,334 19% 5,482 1,818 34 343 137 Footnote * of Table 13 480 17% 753 1,397 14 2,164 21%
Sask. 12,091 100% 8,790 23% 6,265 2,177 348 718 309 41 1,068 38% 490 1,598 145 2,233 22%
B.C. 6,077 100% 4,362 12% 3,205 1,151 6 135 72 Footnote * of Table 13 207 7% 481 1,024 Footnote * of Table 13 1,508 15%
N.W.T. 846 100% 618 2% 498 100 20 8 Footnote * of Table 13 Footnote * of Table 13 8 0% 60 157 Footnote * of Table 13 220 2%
Canada 50,865 100% 37,840 74% 27,644 9,658 538 1,913 839 54 2,806 100% 3,243 6,734 242 10,219 100%
Table 14 - Criminal legal aid cases by type of offence and in-year expenditures, adults, Canada, 2023-24
List of offencesFootnote 1 of Table 14 and appeals Total casesFootnote 2 of Table 14
Number (%)		 Total in-year expenditures
(fees and disbursements)
Dollars (%)
Homicide 2,351 1% 43,965,924 11%
Sexual Assault 10,683 4% 30,215,045 8%
Robbery 7,561 3% 16,153,701 4%
Kidnapping 1,734 1% 4,643,010 1%
Arson 918 0% 1,571,277 0%
Narcotics 16,042 6% 27,792,718 7%
Theft, Break and Enter, Possession of Stolen Property 49,623 19% 57,171,421 15%
Impaired Driving 7,515 3% 8,176,543 2%
Other Driving Offences 3,130 1% 4,165,826 1%
Assault 56,459 22% 65,462,826 17%
Breach of Probation 24,119 9% 16,110,637 4%
Administration of Justice 13,288 5% 19,760,078 5%
Proceedings under Part XX.1 Criminal Code (Mental Disorder) 1,694 1% 443,713 0%
Proceedings under the Extradition Act 2 0% 0 0%
Other OffencesFootnote 3 of Table 14 66,863 25% 89,565,620 23%
Subtotal – Offences 261,982 100% 385,198,339 100%
Appeals:
a.  Crown 98 0.0% 549,599 0.1%
b.  Eligible Person Requested 284 0.1% 1,328,734 0.3%
c.  Proceedings under Part XX.1 Criminal Code (Mental Disorder) 0 0.0% 0 0.0%
d.  Proceedings under the Extradition Act 3 0.0% 1,758 0.0%
Subtotal – Appeals 383 0.1% 1,879,506 0.5%
Total – Criminal Legal Aid - Adults 262,367 100% 387,078,430 100%
Table 15 - Criminal legal aid cases by type of offence and in-year expenditures, youth, Canada, 2023-24
List of offencesFootnote 1 of Table 15 and appeals Total volume of casesFootnote 2 of Table 15
Number (%)		 Total in-year expenditures (fees and disbursements)
Dollars (%)
Homicide 152 1% 2,128,504 7%
Sexual Assault 1,895 8% 3,786,808 13%
Robbery 1,956 8% 2,748,752 9%
Kidnapping 85 0% 141,907 0%
Arson 135 1% 275,044 1%
Narcotics 510 2% 1,275,884 4%
Theft, Break and Enter, Possession of Stolen Property 2,841 12% 3,011,590 10%
Impaired Driving 169 1% 283,804 1%
Other Driving Offences 112 0% 216,685 1%
Assault 6,968 30% 6,907,274 23%
Breach of Probation 763 3% 392,228 1%
Administration of Justice 621 3% 1,247,046 4%
Proceedings under Part XX.1 Criminal Code (Mental Disorder) 0 0% 0 0%
Proceedings under the Extradition Act 0 0% 0 0%
Other OffencesFootnote 3 of Table 15 7,287 31% 7,423,769 25%
Subtotal – Offences 23,494 100% 29,839,295 100%
Appeals: 4
a.  Crown 1 0% 143 0%
b.  Eligible Person Requested 1 0% 296 0%
c.  Proceedings under Part XX.1 Criminal Code (Mental Disorder) 0 0% 0 0%
d.  Proceedings under the Extradition Act 0 0% 0 0%
Subtotal – Appeals 2 0% 439 0%
Total – Criminal Legal Aid – Youth 23,503 100% 29,839,734 100%
Table 16 - Immigration and refugee legal aid certificates and expenditures, by province and type of lawyer, 2023-24
  CertificatesFootnote 1 of Table 16 issued in the fiscal year
Number (%)		 Expenditures for certificates issued in the fiscal year 
Dollars		 Certificates carried over from previous fiscal year
Number (%)		 Expenditures for certificates issued in a previous fiscal year
Dollars		 Total number of certificates (previous and current fiscal year)
Number (%)		 Total expenditures
Dollars (%)
Alberta
Private Bar 678 99% 1,162,780 150 67% 183,478 828 91% 1,346,258 75%
Staff Lawyer 6 1% 10,767 73 33% 442,686 79 9% 453,453 25%
Specialized Clinics Footnote – of Table 16 Footnote – of Table 16 Footnote – of Table 16 Footnote – of Table 16 Footnote – of Table 16 Footnote – of Table 16 Footnote – of Table 16 Footnote – of Table 16 Footnote – of Table 16 Footnote – of Table 16
Totals  684 100% 1,173,547 223 100% 626,164 907 100% 1,799,711 100%
British Columbia
Private Bar 3,822 100% 5,498,174 1938 100% 4,188,546 5,760 100% 9,686,720 100%
Staff Lawyer Footnote – of Table 16 Footnote – of Table 16 Footnote – of Table 16 Footnote – of Table 16 Footnote – of Table 16 Footnote – of Table 16 Footnote – of Table 16 Footnote – of Table 16 Footnote – of Table 16 Footnote – of Table 16
Specialized Clinics Footnote – of Table 16 Footnote – of Table 16 Footnote – of Table 16 Footnote – of Table 16 Footnote – of Table 16 Footnote – of Table 16 Footnote – of Table 16 Footnote – of Table 16 Footnote – of Table 16 Footnote – of Table 16
Totals 3,822 100% 5,498,174 1938 100% 4,188,546 5,760 100% 9,686,720 100%
Manitoba
Private Bar 619 96% 91,352 64 52% 77,687 683 88% 169,039 62%
Staff Lawyer 29 4% 13,398 60 48% 91,973 89 12% 105,371 38%
Specialized Clinics Footnote – of Table 16 Footnote – of Table 16 Footnote – of Table 16 Footnote – of Table 16 Footnote – of Table 16 Footnote – of Table 16 Footnote – of Table 16 Footnote – of Table 16 Footnote – of Table 16 Footnote – of Table 16
Totals 648 100% 104,750 124 100% 169,660 772 100% 274,410 100%
New Brunswick
Specialized Clinics 95 100% 206,363 Footnote – of Table 16 Footnote – of Table 16 Footnote – of Table 16 95 100% 206,363 100%
Totals 95 100% 206,363 0 Footnote – of Table 16 0 95 100% 206,363 100%
Nova Scotia
Private Bar 37 12% 88,273 Footnote – of Table 16 Footnote – of Table 16 Footnote – of Table 16 37 7% 88,273 10%
Staff Lawyer Footnote – of Table 16 Footnote – of Table 16 Footnote – of Table 16 Footnote – of Table 16 Footnote – of Table 16 Footnote – of Table 16 Footnote – of Table 16 Footnote – of Table 16 Footnote – of Table 16 Footnote – of Table 16
Specialized Clinics 268 88% 787,572 206 Footnote – of Table 16 Footnote – of Table 16 474 93% 787,572 90%
Totals 305 100% 875,845 206 Footnote – of Table 16 0 511 100% 875,845 100%
Newfoundland and Labrador
Private Bar 3 3% Footnote – of Table 16 Footnote – of Table 16 Footnote – of Table 16 5324 3 3% 5,324 2%
Staff Lawyer 83 97% Footnote – of Table 16 Footnote – of Table 16 Footnote – of Table 16 277,681 83 97% 277,681 98%
Specialized Clinics Footnote – of Table 16 Footnote – of Table 16 Footnote – of Table 16 Footnote – of Table 16 Footnote – of Table 16 Footnote – of Table 16 Footnote – of Table 16 Footnote – of Table 16 Footnote – of Table 16 Footnote – of Table 16
Totals 86 100% 0 0 Footnote – of Table 16 283,005 86 100% 283,005 100%
Ontario
Private Bar 44,761 81% 25,414,059 Footnote – of Table 16 Footnote – of Table 16 Footnote – of Table 16 44,761 83% 25,414,059 66%
Staff Lawyer 1,870 3% 5,630,565 Footnote – of Table 16 Footnote – of Table 16 Footnote – of Table 16 1,870 3% 5,630,565 15%
Specialized Clinics 8,826 16% 7,446,743 Footnote – of Table 16 Footnote – of Table 16 Footnote – of Table 16 8,826 16% 38,491,367 19%
Totals 55,457 100% 38,491,367 Footnote – of Table 16 Footnote – of Table 16 Footnote – of Table 16 55,457 100% 58,848,362 100%
Quebec
Private Bar 8,480 78% 1,438,770 4,446 100% 4,402,673 12,926 85% 5,841,443 51%
Staff Lawyer 293 3% 517,357 Footnote – of Table 16 0% Footnote – of Table 16 293 2% 517,357 5%
Specialized Clinics 2,065 19% 5,073,765 0 0% 0 2,065 14% 5,073,765 44%
Totals 10,838 100% 7,029,892 4,446 100% 4,402,673 15,284 100% 11,432,565 100%
Canada
Private Bar 58,400 81% 33,693,408 6,598 95% 8,857,708 64,998 82% 42,551,116 67%
Staff Lawyer 2,281 3% 6,172,087 133 2% 812,340 2,414 3% 6,984,427 11%
Specialized Clinics 11,254 16% 13,514,443 206 3% 0 11,460 15% 13,514,443 21%
Totals 71,935 100% 53,379,938 6,937 100% 9,670,048 78,872 100% 63,049,986 100%
Table 17 - Legal aid service delivery by private bar, staff, and other lawyers, 2023-24
  Total lawyers providing legal aid services
Number (%)		 Type of lawyer providing legal aid services
Private bar lawyersFootnote 1 of Table 17 Staff lawyersFootnote 2 of Table 17 Other lawyers (e.g., Executive Director)Footnote 3 of Table 17
Criminal I&RFootnote 4 of Table 17 Other civil Criminal and civil TOTAL
Number (%)		 Criminal I&R Other civil Criminal and civil TOTAL
Number (%)		 Criminal I&R Other civil Criminal and civil TOTAL
Number (%)
N.L. 80 1% Footnote – of Table 17 Footnote – of Table 17 Footnote – of Table 17 15 15 19% Footnote – of Table 17 Footnote – of Table 17 Footnote – of Table 17 61 61 76% Footnote – of Table 17 Footnote – of Table 17 Footnote – of Table 17 4 4 5%
P.E.I. 35 0% 13   8 4 25 71% 4   4 1 9 26% 0   0 1 1 3%
N.S. 328 4% 0 0 0 216 216 66% 0 4 0 102 106 32% 0 1 0 5 6 2%
N.B. 166 2% 39 0 40 28 107 64% 26 0 13 0 39 23% 4 1 14 1 20 12%
Que. 2,170 24% Footnote – of Table 17 Footnote – of Table 17 Footnote – of Table 17 1,694 1,694 78% Footnote – of Table 17 Footnote – of Table 17 Footnote – of Table 17 408 408 19% Footnote – of Table 17 Footnote – of Table 17 Footnote – of Table 17 68 68 3%
Ont. 3,385 37% 1,238 336 902 468 2,944 87% 176 28 78 132 414 12% 1 0 1 25 27 1%
Man. 350 4% 0 0 0 288 288 82% 22 0 17 17 56 16% 0 0 0 6 6 2%
Sask. 219 2% 0   0 124 124 57% 0   0 86 86 39% 0   0 9 9 4%
Alta. 1,192 13% 615 74 354   1,043 88% 69 0 80 0 149 13% 0 0 0 0 0 0%
B.C. 1,145 13% 447 80 438 149 1,114 97% 5 1 20 2 28 2% 0 0 0 3 3 0%
Yuk. 19 0% Footnote – of Table 17   Footnote – of Table 17 7 7 37% 1   0 10 11 58% 0   0 1 1 5%
N.W.T. 35 0% Footnote – of Table 17   Footnote – of Table 17 26 26 74% 5   4 0 9 26% 0   0 0 0 0%
Nvt. Footnote – of Table 17   Footnote – of Table 17   Footnote – of Table 17 Footnote – of Table 17 Footnote – of Table 17 Footnote – of Table 17 Footnote – of Table 17   Footnote – of Table 17 Footnote – of Table 17 Footnote – of Table 17 Footnote – of Table 17 Footnote – of Table 17   Footnote – of Table 17 Footnote – of Table 17 Footnote – of Table 17 Footnote – of Table 17
Canada 9,124 100% 2,352 490 1,742 3,019 7,603 83% 308 33 216 819 1,376 15% 5 2 15 123 145 2%
Table 18 - Legal aid plan personnel as of March 31, 2024
  Total legal aid plan personnel
Number (%)		 Lawyers providing legal aid Non-lawyers
Total lawyers
Number (%)		 Private bar lawyersFootnote 1 of Table 18 Staff lawyersFootnote 2 of Table 18 Other lawyersFootnote 3 of Table 18 Total non-lawyers
Number (%)		 Intake workerFootnote 4 of Table 18 Support StaffFootnote 5 of Table 18 Para-legalFootnote 6 of Table 18 Legal assistantFootnote 7 of Table 18 Articling studentFootnote 8 of Table 18 OtherFootnote 9 of Table 18
N.L. 151 100% 80 53% 15 61 4 71 47% 15 22 4 24 5 1
P.E.I. 42 100% 35 83% 25 9 1 7 17% 0 7 0 0 0 0
N.S. 430 100% 328 76% 216 106 6 102 24% 17 18 1 63 3 0
N.B. 214 100% 166 78% 107 39 20 48 22% 13 10 0 7 2 16
Que. 2,774 100% 2,170 79% 1,694 408 68 604 21% 73 488 0 26 17 0
Ont. 4,146 100% 3,385 82% 2,944 414 27 761 18% 183 546 20 2 10 0
Man. 455 100% 350 77% 288 56 6 105 23% 25 25 4 37 13 1
Sask. 300 100% 209 70% 124 76 9 91 30% 0 76 0 9 2 4
Alta. 1,382 100% 1,192 86% 1,043 149 0 190 14% 79 56 0 51 4 0
B.C. 1,327 100% 1,145 86% 1,114 28 3 182 14% 41 133 8 0 0 0
Yuk. 29 100% 19 66% 7 11 1 10 34% 1 1 0 4 0 4
N.W.T. 45 100% 35 78% 26 9 0 10 22% 0 8 0 0 0 2
Nvt. Footnote – of Table 18 Footnote – of Table 18 Footnote – of Table 18 Footnote – of Table 18 Footnote – of Table 18 Footnote – of Table 18 Footnote – of Table 18 Footnote – of Table 18 Footnote – of Table 18 Footnote – of Table 18 Footnote – of Table 18 Footnote – of Table 18 Footnote – of Table 18 Footnote – of Table 18 Footnote – of Table 18
Canada 11,295 100% 9,114 81% 7,603 1,366 145 2,181 19% 447 1,390 37 223 56 28
Table 19 - Criminal legal aid funding, 2023-24
Name Initiative(s) Objective Timeline Beneficiary Expected Outcome
Newfoundland and Labrador — Technological 
Improved technological efficiencies Make virtual meetings more accessible in all offices and increase technological efficiency to better respond to client needs. 2023-04-01 (permanent) Employees/Clients Improve accessibility of justice by utilizing virtual courts with clients that may not have the financial means to travel.
Procure and deploy a new practice management system (PMS) called LAIN Deploy new PMS to meet the evolving demands of the legal system and its clients and stakeholders. 2023-04-01 - 2026-03-31 (permanent) Employees/Clients Improve productivity and enhance client service delivery with a more efficient electronic client data system.
Newfoundland and Labrador — Service delivery
Improved service delivery Increase workforce development by investing in education and training of staff. 2023-04-01 (permanent) Employees/Clients Investing in the knowledge of our workforce will increase efficiency in completing assigned files and ensure staff are effectively assisting clients.
Hire additional staff Hire additional solicitors and support staff to address the backlog in criminal files. 2023-04-01 (temporary) Clients Increase the number of files assigned and completed.
Nova Scotia —Technological 
Case Management Review - Phase 1 (exploring options) To determine options for new CMS system including expected cost First phase - November 2023-March 2024 (temporary) NSLA staff, certificate lawyers, clients and larger justice system. Modernized case management system that would support improved client service by creating a more efficient and responsive system. Remove redundant administrative tasks, thereby reducing administrative burdens. Develop integrations in case management and certificate management system to remove redundant administrative tasks and improve certificate processes for certificate lawyers.
Technology - Adobe To provide technological tools to support staff in the delivery of client service. April 2023 (permanent) NSLA staff and client service delivery Enables staff to more efficiently and effectively support lawyers in client service delivery.
Nova Scotia — Service delivery 
Financial Eligibility Pilot; Centralized Intake Pilot To assess the cost of raising income thresholds and the impact on clients. Financial Eligibility Pilot - July 2023-March 2024
Centralized Intake Pilot - July 2023 (permanent)		 NSLA staff, NSLA clients and the larger justice system. For the financial eligibility pilot expected outcomes centered around making the financial eligibility process more transparent, fair, flexible, inclusive and sustainable. For the system, to reduce the number of self represented litigants before the courts. The pilot focused on the Sydney, Cape Breton offices with a 10% increase in applicants financially approved for service with only 9% having to enter into contribution agreements. The centralized intake process reduced administrative burdens on regional office staff; improved overall efficiency by reducing processing times for applications.
Mental Health Legal Services Navigator (MHLSN) To support all NSLA Lawyers and certificate lawyers in identifying and accessing resources and supports available in communities for clients with complex mental health issues. September 2023 (permanent) Larger justice system, clients and NSLA staff and certificate lawyers. Supports all NSLA lawyers and certificate lawyers in identifying and accessing resources and supports available in communities for clients with complex mental health needs. Created a hub of community resources and supports for staff to access on behalf of clients with complex mental health needs. 23% of organizations the MHLSN has connected with support Indigenous or African Nova Scotian populations. Accepts referrals from lawyers (staff and certificate lawyers) to work with clients. Of the 65 referrals received during reporting period, 6.15% were African Nova Scotian and 15.38% were Indigenous clients. Increased training and resources for all NSLA staff and created a community of Support Roundtable that has 25 community members.
Additional staffing to address Jordan delay Reduce backlog; increase staff capacity; improve staff wellness and reduce Jordan delay. To support mental health legal services for Wellness Courts, IPTA and Criminal Code Review hearings and regular criminal court proceedings. Added 4.6 legal assistants and 2.6 lawyers (criminal & youth). 2023 (permanent and temporary) NSLA clients, staff and the larger justice system Responsive to Jordan delay and improving client service delivery by increasing critical staffing; addressing criminal legal aid backlog and improving wellness for staff working at capacity.The floating duty counsel position increased staffing ensured continuity of service for duty counsel and non-custodial duty counsel services; improved wellness of staff; increased representation for clients and helped to improve efficiencies of court processes; reducing delay and adjournments.The Mental Health criminal lawyer supported duty counsel and criminal lawyers by developing a young adult practice for those who have mental health needs (ages 18-24). With the MHLSN, piloted a program of connecting with clients at Dartmouth Intake Court to connect individuals with NSLA more quickly; reducing warrants being issued in non-custodial matters.
Treaty Education Training Two-day training session to assist lawyers and staff with new ways of seeing and understanding. April 2023 (permanent) NSLA clients and staff Responsive action to the Truth and Reconciliation Calls to Action in providing increased cultural competence that is trauma informed.
Business Process Improvement Training To empower staff to find "quick wins" to develop business process improvements in their daily work process. April 2023 (permanent) NSLA staff, clients and Justice system Training taken through Service Nova Scotia improves our efficiency and makes our services better for staff, clients and the system overall. As of March 31, 2024, 29% of staff had received training.
Language Line Provides immediate access to interpreter services in the delivery of client services by phone or video. December 2023 (permanent) NSLA clients and staff Language Line services are available in every office and for duty counsel services. Improves client service delivery and creates a more inclusive and welcoming environment for clients. Language Line also extends to the translation of court documents, client letters and promotional materials. Language Line provides comprehensive data reporting on utilization, including call handling times and languages used. Language Line services were used 525 times (506 audio & 19 video), covering 40 different languages with an average time to connect of 29 seconds.
Increased criminal certificates issued to private lawyers to deal with delay To assist with backlogs where staff lawyers were at max capacity April 2023 (temporary) Justice system and clients Reduction in pressure on staff lawyers and ensured clients received representation as matters proceeded. That also assisted the justice system overall. Some certificates issued to African Nova Scotian Justice Institute to provide culturally competent services to clients.
Virtual professional development, including annual general meeting To ensure staff received appropriate professional development to satisfy bar requirements and maintain high level of competency. April 2023 (permanent) NSLA staff, certificate lawyers The use of Microsoft Teams enables staff and private bar to participate remotely; creating flexibility in the delivery of professional development and removing barriers that might otherwise exist in participating. Enables legal assistants’ greater flexibility in participating in training.
New Brunswick — Service delivery 
Private bar criminal certificate To meet the increased number of certificates. 2023-24 (temporary) Clients Consistency in service delivery.
Criminal contact lawyer To cover staff shortages. 2023-24 (temporary)
Prince Edward Island – Service delivery
Development Phase of Vulnerable Persons Lawyer Position. Provide additional assistance targeted at people with mental health issues. Permanent Marginalized and vulnerable people. More resources being directed to assist with criminal matters and other issues identified and arising from criminal charges.
Dedicated Lawyer for Criminal Code Review Board Matters Consistent representation for cases that remain open for lengthy periods of time involving mentally ill clients. April 1, 2023 (permanent) Marginalized and vulnerable people. More resources being directed to assist with criminal matters and other issues identified and arising from criminal charges.
Quebec — Technological 
Programme eMAJ Digital transformation of the legal aid network 2026-12-26 (5-year investment) Clients and staff and private bar lawyers. Service improvements; simplifying procedures.
Acquisition of computer hardware Upgrading of equipment and staff mobility 2024-03-31 Permanent Staff and clients.
Quebec — Service delivery 
Specialized court Sexual violence representation 2025-06-30 (temporary) Clients Service improvements
Projet visio-comparution Reduced court time 2024-03-31 (permanent) Clients
Grand Nord service d'enquête sur mise en liberté Legal representation services 2024-03-31 (permanent) Clients
Mise en œuvre du Rapport Latraverse Itinerant court improvement 2025-06-30 (temporary) Indigenous and Inuit clients
Projet Centaure Gun control 2024-03-31 (permanent) Citizens Fighting gun violence
Itinerant court (Grand Nord) Legal representation services 2024-03-31 (permanent) Indigenous clients Service improvements
Lexius - criminal Process digitization Permanent Everyone Service improvements
Adaptability and Restorative Justice Programs Support services Permanent Everyone Improved services offered to vulnerable clienteles
Ontario — Service delivery
Continuation of criminal COVID measures for in-custody individuals: Coverage for block fee bail hearings, increased hours for bail, waiver of financial eligibility testing, coverage for Myers detention reviews, etc. To continue assisting individuals in custody in a timely manner (post-COVID environment presents challenges to accessing individuals in custody, and remand rates are very high) Ongoing (Waiver of financial for in-custody individuals continues as temporary measure. Other COVID measures are permanent features of LAO's tariff). Clients: improved services and access to justice, reduction in in-custody population, reduction in unnecessary court appearances; Justice system partners: reduced and more meaningful appearances, fewer in-custody appearances, fewer adjournments for administrative purposes, increased representation and efficiency. LAO is aiming to ensure that the most vulnerable clients have access to services during the pandemic. LAO aims to keep assisting the courts by ensuring that bail supports are available and that clients are afforded legal representation at the earliest opportunity.
Support for Judge-led Intensive Case Management Court (JICMC) and Lawyer applications for JICMC LAO supports the Judge-Led Intensive Case Management Court (JICMC) with time-limited certificates for accused individuals without retained counsel whose matters are more than twelve months old and who have had their cases adjourned to the JICMC.

Clients do not need to contact LAO directly; their lawyer will initiate and complete the application on their behalf. No financial testing is applied to these certificates.		 October 2021 and ongoing (temporary) Clients: ensure limited but timely representation is available in JICMC courts without the need for eligibility testing. Increased access to representation and increased efficiency in JICMC courts.
Tariff Reform Phase 1 (October 2023): Increasing the hourly rates for roster lawyers and the amount paid for block fees; increasing the number of hours allocated under the hourly tariff; and allowing per diem duty counsel to bill according to their certificate tier rate. Improved LAO's billing structure to ensure that lawyers are prepared to take on legal aid work, and that per diem duty counsel rosters remain active. Permanent (tariff reform changes continue in 2024/25) Client: Ensure that clients have access to timely representation, and that roster lawyers are available to take on certificates, thereby improving services and access to justice.
Roster lawyers: To incentivize lawyers to take on criminal legal aid work, especially for the most marginalized and vulnerable accused persons.		 Increased access to representation, promote legal aid work among the private bar, and assist courts addressing backlogs.
Increased Gladue program funding LAO increased base funding by 18% to the three Indigenous organizations (Nishnawbe-Aski Legal Services, Aboriginal Legal Services, and Grand Council #3) that provide Gladue services. Permanent Clients: Improved access to Gladue reports for Indigenous accused. More "fit and appropriate" sentences for Indigenous accused that consider the impact of colonialism, as well as alternatives to incarceration, and contribute to a reduction in the over-incarceration of Indigenous persons.
Increased funding for Impact of Race and Cultural Assessment Reports (IRCAs) LAO entered into a 2-year agreement with the Sentencing Parole Project (SPP) to produce 155 IRCAs to address the current backlog in court ordered IRCAs. October 2023 to April 2026 (temporary) Clients: Improved access to IRCA reports for Black accused. More "fit and appropriate" sentences for Black accused that consider the impact of anti-Black racism, as well as alternatives to incarceration, and contribute to a reduction in the over-incarceration of Black accused persons.
Additional coverage for judicial pre-trials (JPTs) to help reduce court backlog Beginning April 27, 2024, roster lawyers will be able to bill for additional judicial pre-trials for criminal matters before the OCJ at any stage, regardless of how many are required.
Currently, criminal roster lawyers can invoice LAO for three judicial pre-trials for OCJ proceedings: one inherent JPT, available to bill from the account page, before the case is set down for trial, and two that may be added after the matter is set down for trial		 Permanent (starts April 2024) Provide coverage and compensation for roster lawyers to seek, and attend, an additional judicial pre-trial in order to resolve disclosure or other issues that prevent the matter from being set down for trial. LAO coverage supports a backlog reduction strategy as trial matters can proceed as scheduled as disclosure issues will now have been addressed by way of a prior JPT.
Expedited application process for Habeas Corpus certificates for bail matters. Starting in October 2023, to support efficiency in bail courts, Legal Aid Ontario (LAO) now has an expedited process for habeas corpus application certificates.

The new application is to be submitted in cases where a client was ready to proceed with a bail hearing, but the hearing was adjourned due to court or Crown unavailability.		 Permanent (starts October 2023) Client: Improved access to roster lawyers to bring a habeas corpus application to challenge delays in proceeding with bail heading.
Roster lawyers: Expedited and streamlined process to obtain LAO authorization to bring a habeas corpus application to challenge delay in bail proceedings.		 More timely bail hearings for in-custody accused.
Completion of the Anti-Racism Action Plan (ARAP) project and development of anti-racism training for bail proceedings. LAO reported on a federally funded study on the impact of Indigeneity and race on bail outcomes (ARAP Project)
The report recommended data collection improvements and better training for staff and the private bar in addressing race and Indigeneity in bail proceedings. LAO completed development of anti-racism training and information to address racism and anti-Indigenous bias in bail court.		 Start: April 2021
End: December 2023 (implementation of recommendations ongoing) (temporary for now)		 Improved understanding of role of racism and anti-Indigenous bias in bail decision-making. Development of anti-racism training material to improve results for Black and Indigenous clients in bail court. Aimed at achieving racial equity in bail proceedings and improving justice outcomes for Black and Indigenous clients.
Criminal Youth and Criminal Mental Health Training series for staff and private bar lawyers Legal Aid Ontario (LAO) introducing optional enhanced training for members of LAO’s criminal law roster and staff to further their knowledge and quality of service when providing criminal legal aid services to youth clients charged under the YCJA and to clients experiencing mental health issues. Permanent (the training is available on LAO's lawyer resource page, LAOLAW). Client: Ensures that youth clients, and clients with mental health issues,  will  have access to roster and staff criminal defence lawyers who can provide quality representation.
Roster and staff lawyers: Provides an opportunity to further knowledge and quality of service when providing criminal legal aid services to youth charged under the Youth Criminal Justice Act (YCJA), and to accused persons experiencing mental health issues.		 Improved quality of representation for legally aided youth charged under the YCJA and accused dealing with mental health issues.
Manitoba – Technological
Increase availability of video and other technology Better contact with clients. On-going (permanent) Staff, Clients, Stakeholders Increased productivity and reduced travel.
Increase bandwidth to service move to paperless environment Reduce use of paper while increasing efficiency. Increased productivity and reduced paper consumption.
Manitoba — Service delivery 
Increase in travel disbursement Transport counsel to under-served locations 2023/24 (permanent) Clients, court system Clients across the province receive the same level of services; courts operate more smoothly when clients are represented.
Staff development Increase awareness of Indigenous issues 2023/24 (temporary) Staff, Clients, Stakeholders Staff have a greater understanding of the issues that Indigenous people face in the justice system and the wider community.
Renovate space for easier accessibility Allow greater access for clients/visitors living with disabilities April 2023 (permanent) Clients Easier access to LAM spaces for all users.
Increase in staff capacity Recruitment and retention programs 2023/24 (permanent) Clients, staff Greater capacity for legal services.
Improvements to Thompson office Make office space more welcoming to Indigenous and people living with disability January 2023 (permanent) Clients, staff, stakeholders All users of the space feel welcomed and are able to work in the space.
Address backlog of cases Increased enhanced DC to facilitate early disposition of cases 2023/24 (temporary) PB, clients Quicker turnaround of cases; clearing the backlog
Increase in private bar capacity Incentive PB to take more cases
Saskatchewan —Technological 
Hire IT Staff:
IT Director/Manager
IT Support Officer
IT LAIN/SharePoint Officer		 Modernize and digitize Legal Aid Saskatchewan’s (LAS) IT infrastructure to meet the demands. October 2021 to no end date (permanent) Applicants and staff. Clients/applicants will benefit with an individual managing the IT for LAS. Improved IT services with someone directly responsible for managing IT.
IT Cloud processing and SharePoint migration.
O365 support and maintenance.
Cyber security implementation.
Other IT security costs.		 Modernize and digitize the IT infrastructure to meet the demands. June 2021 to no end date (permanent) Applicants and staff. Clients /applicants will benefit with access with staff through better IT. This initiative is intended to move the organization from processes that are either paper or hybrid paper/electronic to more electronic-based processes.
Saskatchewan — Service delivery 
Hire Staff Lawyer Positions To reduce waitlists and backlogs for criminal legal aid services. September 2021 to no end date (permanent) Clients/applicants will benefit with more prompt legal services. Reduced wait times and backlogs.
Contract Private Bar (PB) to assist with backlogs due to Covid To reduce waitlists and backlogs for criminal legal aid services. April 2023 to March 2024 (temporary)
Restructuring of head office staff for administrative support of improved service delivery To improve management, oversight and risk management. April 2021 to no end date (permanent) Applicants and staff/private bar. Clients/applicants will benefit with additional support from head office for the service delivery by staff and private bar lawyers. Improved overall management of the legal aid system.
Alberta — Technological 
Modernize, maintain, operate, support, and enhance systems, processes, and equipment - including client record management and case management Simplify systems, enhance capabilities —including improved support for remote/virtual work. Ongoing (permanent) Clients, private bar, and staff. A modernized and enhanced system and equipment that better supports client record and case management, and remote/virtual work.
British Columbia — Technological 
Online Application for Criminal Clients — Legal Aid British Columbia (LABC) Allow lawyers to submit legal aid applications on behalf of criminal clients through an online portal. Applications are assessed automatically, speeding up the approval process, which creates efficiencies for lawyers and LABC staff and benefits the clients. The project was initiated in 22/23 and will be completed in 23/24. 2022-23, 2023-24
(permanent)		 Legal aid lawyers, LABC, legal aid clients Lawyers can submit applications online, reduced timeline for application approval, reduced staff time for relevant applications.
Duty Counsel Scheduling (LABC) Modernize the process of scheduling Duty Counsel lawyers across the province by adopting scheduling software. The project was initiated in 22/23 and will be completed in 23/24. 2022-23 to 2023-24
(permanent)		 Duty Counsel lawyers, LABC Reduced efforts needed for scheduling for both LABC and Duty Counsel Lawyers.
British Columbia — Service delivery 
Legal Services Transition Project Team (BCFNJC) Strategy 5 of the BC First Nations Justice Strategy commits to the establishment of a newly created First Nations Legal Services agency under the control of the BCFNJC to ensure more effective access to justice for Indigenous people and design legal aid services for Indigenous people that are better, more effective, and more culturally informed. The Legal Services Transition Project Team was established to develop the architecture for this new model. This work has included:
- Community Engagement and Stakeholder Consultation
- Legislation/Policy Research and Analysis
- Service Design
The work was initiated in 22/23 and will be continued forward to 23/24.		 2023-24 (temporary) Indigenous Legal Aid Clients / BC First Nation Justice Council Guided by the work completed by the Project Team a workplan will be developed to transition legal aid services from LABC to the BCFNJC and implement a new legal aid service model for Indigenous people.
Criminal Justice Navigators (LABC) Criminal Justice Navigators assist clients with time-sensitive matters in accessing help more quickly and give Intake workers space to focus on assessing applications and providing contracts for clients who are more likely to be eligible for legal aid. By providing clients with ongoing assistance for complex issues outside the responsibility of Intake workers and legal aid lawyers, Criminal Justice Navigators can address each client's underlying needs and connect them to support organizations in their communities, along with helping them through their entire journey via regular check-ins and general support. This aims to improve client legal outcomes which are often strongly correlated with issues like addictions, housing, and mental health. 2022-23, 2023-24 Criminal Justice Navigators (LABC) Criminal Justice Navigators assist clients with time-sensitive matters in accessing help more quickly and give Intake workers space to focus on assessing applications and providing contracts for clients who are more likely to be eligible for legal aid. By providing clients with ongoing assistance for complex issues outside the responsibility of Intake workers and legal aid lawyers, Criminal Justice Navigators can address each client's underlying needs and connect them to support organizations in their communities, along with helping them through their entire journey via regular check-ins and general support. This improves client legal outcomes which are often strongly correlated with issues like addictions, housing, and mental health.
Safer Community Action Plan Research Project Funding supported a research project assessing the needs of, and legal aid services for, criminal clients with complex needs. 2023-24 (temporary) Legal aid criminal law clients Improved understanding of client needs and identify recommendations for service enhancements.
Yukon – Technological
Continued development of a customized File Management System (database). To increase organizational efficiency and employee productivity and gain the ability to capture and report statistics related to service delivery. 2020-21 to 2024-25 Clients, organization (YLSS), employees, and territorial and federal governments. Organized data.

Specialized courts

Specialized or problem-solving courts focus on a particular type of offence or accused. They typically involve an interdisciplinary team that is focused on addressing the underlying causes of offending bringing the accused into contact with the criminal legal system. The following section provides information on the specialized courts operating in Canada. Figure 25 provides an overview of the service delivery models available at specialized courts across Canada.

Figure 25

Specialized courts are used in all provinces and territories and provide invaluable services to legal aid clients.

Figure 25: Part 1 Figure 25: Part 2
Text version

This is an infographic showing two graphs in the style of organizational charts. The first one has three levels: the top level has three boxes in dark orange. The first box says “mental health/wellness community courts”. Below this box are three medium orange boxes. The first one says: “full legal representation”, the second one says “duty counsel”, and the third one says “expanded duty counsel”.

Under the box that says “full legal representation” there is a turquoise box with the following jurisdictions: Newfoundland and Labrador, Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, Quebec, Ontario, Manitoba, Saskatchewan, Alberta, Northwest Territories and Yukon.

Under the box that says “duty counsel” there is a turquoise box with the following jurisdictions: Newfoundland and Labrador, Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, Ontario, Manitoba, Alberta, British Columbia, Northwest Territories and Yukon.

Under the box that says “expanded duty counsel” there is a turquoise box with the following jurisdictions: New Brunswick, Ontario, Manitoba, British Columbia and Yukon.

The second dark orange box at the top of the infographic reads “drug treatment courts”. Below this box are three medium orange boxes. The first one reads “full legal representation”. Under this box is a turquoise box listing the following jurisdictions: Newfoundland and Labrador, Nova Scotia, Quebec, Ontario, Manitoba, Saskatchewan, Alberta.

The second medium orange box reads “duty counsel”. Under this box is a turquoise box listing the following jurisdictions: Newfoundland and Labrador, Nova Scotia, Ontario, Manitoba, Alberta, British Columbia.

The third medium orange box reads “expanded duty counsel”. Under this box is a turquoise box listing the following jurisdictions: Ontario, Manitoba, British Columbia.

The last dark orange box at the top of the infographic reads “First Nations / Gladue courts”. Below this box are three medium orange boxes. The first one reads “full legal representation”. Under this box is a turquoise box listing the following jurisdictions: Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, Quebec, Ontario, Manitoba, Saskatchewan, Alberta.

The second medium orange box reads “duty counsel”. Under this box is a turquoise box listing the following jurisdictions: Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, Ontario, Manitoba, Alberta, British Columbia.

The third medium orange box reads “expanded duty counsel”. Under this box is a turquoise box listing the following jurisdictions: New Brunswick, Ontario, Manitoba.

The second part of the infographic also has three dark orange boxes on top.

The first one is labeled: “youth courts”. Under this box are three medium orange boxes. The first one says “full legal representation”. Under this box is a turquoise box listing the following jurisdictions: Newfoundland and Labrador, Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, Quebec, Ontario, Manitoba, Saskatchewan, Alberta, Yukon, Northwest Territories, Yukon, Nunavut.

The second medium orange box says “duty counsel”. Under this box is a turquoise box listing the following jurisdictions: Newfoundland and Labrador, Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, Ontario, Manitoba, Saskatchewan, Alberta, British Columbia, Yukon, Nunavut.

The third medium orange box says “expanded duty counsel”. Under this box is a turquoise box listing the following jurisdictions: New Brunswick, Ontario, Manitoba.

The second dark orange box is labeled: Domestic Violence Courts. Under this box are three medium orange boxes. The first one says “full legal representation”. Under this box is a turquoise box listing the following jurisdictions: Newfoundland and Labrador, Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, Quebec, Ontario, Manitoba, Saskatchewan, Alberta, Yukon, Northwest Territories.

The second medium orange box says “duty counsel”. Under this box is a turquoise box listing the following jurisdictions: Newfoundland and Labrador, Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, Ontario, Manitoba, Alberta, British Columbia, Yukon.

The third medium orange box says “expanded duty counsel”. Under this box is a turquoise box listing the following jurisdictions: New Brunswick, Ontario, Manitoba.

The last dark orange box in this infographic is labeled: Unified Family Courts. Under this box are three medium orange boxes. The first one says “full legal representation”. Under this box is a turquoise box listing the following jurisdictions: Newfoundland and Labrador, Nova Scotia, Quebec, Ontario, Manitoba, Saskatchewan, Alberta.

The second medium orange box says “duty counsel”. Under this box is a turquoise box listing the following jurisdictions: Newfoundland and Labrador, Nova Scotia, Ontario, Manitoba, Alberta.

The third medium orange box says “expanded duty counsel”. Under this box is a turquoise box listing the following jurisdictions: Ontario, Manitoba.