Victims of police-reported violent crime in Nova Scotia, 2023
In 2023, police services in Nova Scotia reported 12,467 victims of violent crime and traffic offences causing death or bodily harm (Table 4.1). This represented 1,185 victims per 100,000 population, which was lower than the national rate (1,207 per 100,000).Footnote 27
Most (80%) victims were adults aged 18 and older;Footnote 28 40% of all victims were aged 25 to 44 years, representing the largest proportion of any age group (Table 4.1). Meanwhile, 14% of victims were youth aged 12 to 17 years, and 5% were children aged 11 years and younger. The rate of victims was highest among youth aged 12 to 17 years (2,885 per 100,000 population), followed by young adults aged 18 to 24 years (2,216 per 100,000) and adults aged 25 to 44 years (1,802 per 100,000).Footnote 29
Almost two-thirds (65%) of victims of police-reported violent crime in 2023 were victims of assault.Footnote 30 Assault victims accounted for more than two-thirds (69%) of adult victims aged 18 years and older, and half (50%) of child and youth victims aged 17 years and younger.
The second most commonly reported offence was “other violent violations” which accounted for almost one-quarter of victims (24%).Footnote 31 This category includes offences such as robbery, extortion, and uttering threats, among other violent crimes.
Overall, 7% of police-reported victims of violent crime in Nova Scotia in 2023 were victims of sexual assault. Most (62%) victims of sexual assault were adults aged 18 years and older, and almost three in ten (29%) victims of sexual assault were youth aged 12 to 17 years. A small number (9%) were children aged 11 years and younger (Table 4.1).
The majority (60%) of victims of sexual violations against children were youth aged 12 to 17 years, and 39% were children aged 11 years and younger (Table 4.1).
While just over half (54%) of police-reported victims were female, they represented much larger proportions of victims of sexual offences (86%) and sexual violations against children (83%) (Table 4.2).
Two-thirds (67%) of victims of homicide, attempted murder and other violations causing death were male, as well as the majority (63%) of victims of traffic violations causing death or bodily harm (Table 4.2).
Male and female victims of police-reported sexual assault differed notably by age. Most (64%) female sexual assault victims were adults aged 18 years and older, while half (52%) of male sexual assault victims were adults.Footnote 32
Compared to female victims, sexual offences were less common among male children and youth aged 17 years and younger, as 6% were victims of sexual assault and 4% were victims of sexual violations against children (20% and 16%, respectively, among female victims).Footnote 33 However, assault was more commonly reported among male child and youth victims (62%) than female child and youth victims (41%).
Victim services in Nova Scotia
Nova Scotia’s Department of Justice Victim Services Program provides a range of direct services to victims of crime, including a Provincial Victim Services Program, Criminal Injuries Counselling Program, Child Victim/Witness Program, Independent Legal Advice, and Victim Impact Statement Program. In addition, the Halifax Regional Police Service and select Royal Canadian Mounted Police detachments in Nova Scotia offer police-based victim services programs. There are also specialized community-based services such as sexual assault centres, and agencies that focus on specific types of victims including children and youth, Indigenous victims, and family members of victims. Such services include the SeaStar Child and Youth Advocacy Centre, Transition House services and Second Stage Housing, and the Mi’Kmaw Legal Support Network Victim Support Service.
The information provided below reflects data from the Nova Scotia Victim Services Program for direct and secondary victims who have a case where a charge has been laid, and in turn, are involved in the criminal justice system.
In 2023, the Nova Scotia Victim Services Program opened 8,149 new files (referrals) involving direct victims of crime,Footnote 34 including individual victims, businesses, and family members of homicide victims. Of the 8,149 victims referred to the program, 4,059 accepted services (50% of referrals).Footnote 35 (Victims of crime may have numerous files with Victim Services.)
Children and youth accounted for 9% (731) of victim referrals and 7% were assisted by the program.Footnote 36 Children and youth are defined as individuals under 19 years of age at the time of file opening.
Over half (56%) of victims referred to the program identified as female, while 29% identified as male, 15% did not disclose their gender, and 1% selected a non-binary gender identifier. Of victims who received services, 66% were female, 23% were male, 10% did not disclose their gender, and 1% identified with the non-binary gender identifier.
Nearly two thirds (62%) of victims referred in 2023 and 73% of victims who accepted services were associated with violent offences. Offence type reflects the most serious offence recorded in each file and may not represent all offences associated with the case. Of the violent crime victims who accepted services, 42% were victims of physical assault and 11% were victims of a sexual offence. Children and youth accounted for 43% of sexual offence victims. Victims of non-violent offences accounted for 26% of victims who accepted services, including victims of Administration of Justice (AOJ) offences and property offences.
Nearly one-quarter (24%) of services accepted by clients involved providing information related to restitution. Criminal Injuries Counselling represented 17% of services accepted by victims, and another 17% of services accepted involved offers of safety planning. Services reported include both services offered and services accepted; this distinction is maintained to accurately reflect service delivery.
A total of 5,286 files opened were eligible for and offered Criminal Injuries Counselling (CIC). Additionally, 586 children of eligible intimate partner violence (IPV) files were offered CIC.
A total of 609 Victim Impact Statements were filed in 2023, of which 155 (26%) were associated with files opened in 2023. Victim Impact Statements filed in a given year may relate to cases opened in previous years, and multiple statements may be submitted within a single file or proceeding. Many files opened in 2023 did not proceed to court or sentencing within the same year, which affects the number of court-related services and Victim Impact Statements recorded.
The Independent Legal Advice program (ILA) was offered to survivors of sexual assault 407 times through the Victim Services Program.Footnote 37
Detailed data tables
Table 4.1: Number and percentage of victims of police-reported violent crime and traffic violations causing death or bodily harm, by type of violation and age group, Nova Scotia, 2023
Table 4.1: Number and percentage of victims of police-reported violent crime and traffic violations causing death or bodily harm, by type of violation and age group, Nova Scotia, 2023
Type of violation
Total victims, all ages
Child and youth victims
Adult victims
11 years and younger
12 to 17 years
18 to 24 years
25 to 44 years
45 to 64 years
65 years and older
Number
Percent
Number
Percent
Number
Percent
Number
Percent
Number
Percent
Number
Percent
Number
Percent
Homicide, other violations causing death, and attempted murder
48
100%
0
0
0
0
6
12.5%
27
56.3%
12
25.0%
3
6.3%
Sexual assaults
935
100%
87
9.4%
268
28.9%
225
24.2%
249
26.8%
84
9.1%
15
1.6%
Sexual violations against children
281
100%
109
39.1%
167
59.9%
1
0.4%
2
0.7%
0
0
0
0
Assaults
8,105
100%
367
4.5%
869
10.8%
1,203
14.9%
3,541
43.9%
1,751
21.7%
341
4.2%
Other violent violations
3,028
100%
100
3.3%
479
15.9%
486
16.1%
1,153
38.2%
659
21.8%
141
4.7%
Criminal Code traffic violations causing death or bodily harm
70
100%
7
10.0%
7
10.0%
21
30.0%
26
37.1%
8
11.4%
1
1.4%
Total violent violations
12,467
100%
670
5.4%
1,790
14.4%
1,942
15.6%
4,998
40.3%
2,514
20.2%
501
4.0%
Table 4.2: Number and percentage of victims of police-reported violent crime and traffic violations causing death or bodily harm, by type of violation and sex, Nova Scotia, 2023
Table 4.2: Number and percentage of victims of police-reported violent crime and traffic violations causing death or bodily harm, by type of violation and sex, Nova Scotia, 2023
Type of violation
Total victims
Female victims
Male victims
Number
Percent
Number
Percent
Number
Percent
Homicide, other violations causing death, and attempted murder
48
100%
16
33.3%
32
66.7%
Sexual assaults
935
100%
789
85.9%
129
14.1%
Sexual violations against children
281
100%
231
82.8%
48
17.2%
Assaults
8,105
100%
3,947
49.1%
4,090
50.9%
Other violent violations
3,028
100%
1,613
53.7%
1,393
46.3%
Criminal Code traffic violations causing death or bodily harm
70
100%
26
37.1%
44
62.9%
Total violent violations
12,467
100%
6,622
53.6%
5,736
46.4%
Table 4.3: Number and percentage of female victims of police-reported violent crime and traffic violations causing death or bodily harm, by type of violation and age group, Nova Scotia, 2023
Table 4.3: Number and percentage of female victims of police-reported violent crime and traffic violations causing death or bodily harm, by type of violation and age group, Nova Scotia, 2023
Type of violation
Female victims, all ages
Female child and youth victims
Female adult victims
11 years and younger
12 to 17 years
18 to 24 years
25 to 44 years
45 to 64 years
65 years and older
Number
Percent
Number
Percent
Number
Percent
Number
Percent
Number
Percent
Number
Percent
Number
Percent
Homicide, other violations causing death, and attempted murder
16
100%
0
0
0
0
1
6.3%
10
62.5%
4
25.0%
1
6.3%
Sexual assaults
789
100%
54
6.9%
230
29.2%
198
25.1%
218
27.7%
73
9.3%
15
1.9%
Sexual violations against children
231
100%
80
34.8%
149
64.8%
1
0.4%
0
0
0
0
0
0
Assaults
3,947
100%
131
3.3%
449
11.4%
611
15.5%
1,813
46.0%
804
20.4%
133
3.4%
Other violent violations
1,613
100%
50
3.1%
252
15.6%
277
17.2%
654
40.6%
319
19.8%
59
3.7%
Criminal Code traffic violations causing death or bodily harm
26
100%
3
11.5%
3
11.5%
7
26.9%
11
42.3%
2
7.7%
0
0
Total violent violations
6,622
100%
318
4.8%
1,083
16.4%
1,095
16.6%
2,706
40.9%
1,202
18.2%
208
3.1%
Table 4.4: Number and percentage of male victims of police-reported violent crime and traffic violations causing death or bodily harm, by type of violation and age group, Nova Scotia, 2023
Table 4.4: Number and percentage of male victims of police-reported violent crime and traffic violations causing death or bodily harm, by type of violation and age group, Nova Scotia, 2023
Type of violation
Male victims, all ages
Male child and youth victims
Male adult victims
11 years and younger
12 to 17 years
18 to 24 years
25 to 44 years
45 to 64 years
65 years and older
Number
Percent
Number
Percent
Number
Percent
Number
Percent
Number
Percent
Number
Percent
Number
Percent
Homicide, other violations causing death, and attempted murder
32
100%
0
0
0
0
5
15.6%
17
53.1%
8
25.0%
2
6.3%
Sexual assaults
129
100%
31
24.2%
31
24.2%
26
20.3%
29
22.7%
11
8.6%
0
0
Sexual violations against children
48
100%
28
59.6%
17
36.2%
0
0
2
4.3%
0
0
0
0
Assaults
4,090
100%
217
5.3%
418
10.2%
585
14.3%
1,711
41.9%
942
23.1%
207
5.1%
Other violent violations
1,393
100%
47
3.4%
221
15.9%
207
14.9%
498
35.8%
338
24.3%
81
5.8%
Criminal Code traffic violations causing death or bodily harm