Annex B: First Nations Priorities

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First Nations Priority 1

New fiscal relationship to support self-determination

• Link to TRC-CTAs: No
• Link to MMIWG-CFJs: No

Work completed to advance Action Plan measure in 2024-2025

Through the New Fiscal Relationship Grant, ISC provides flexible and predictable funding for 28 core program areas, with 18 additional First Nations joining the Grant in 2024-2025, bringing the total to 160. ISC also expanded eligibility to include First Nations-led service delivery entities, such as Tribal Councils and health authorities. Additionally, the New Fiscal Relationship Policy working group has engaged in exploratory discussions with co-development partners regarding the establishment of a First Nations Auditor General, fiscal policy functions, and the potential for a statutory transfer funding regime. In 2024, ISC completed five years of engagement on the National Outcome-Based Framework concept, resulting in adaptable resources to support First Nations-led reporting on socio-economic outcomes.

Consultation and cooperation

• Occurred: Yes
• Opportunity for future consultation and cooperation: Yes

ISC holds bi-weekly technical working group meetings on the New Fiscal Relationship Grant and Policy with the Assembly of First Nations, the First Nations Financial Management Board, and Aboriginal Financial Officers Association of Canada. The Strategic Policy and Planning (SPP) team is leading the co-development of a new fiscal relationship, focusing on flexible and predictable funding arrangements, strengthened financial management practices, and capacity-building projects. The new fiscal relationship shifts away from compliance-based reporting and accountability primarily to the Government of Canada, toward a model that prioritizes First Nations governments’ accountability to their citizens for improved outcomes. Although ISC aims to share information and make consensus-based decisions, it currently lacks allocated funds for co-development activities, highlighting the importance of transparent collaboration to build trust and enhance cooperation.

Indigenous partner perspectives on implementation

Some Indigenous partners noted that this Action Plan measure was advanced through three working groups between First Nations and ISC. The Governance Modernization Working Group worked to produce a proposal seeking additional funding for ISC’s governance and capacity development funding programs (Band Support Funding, Band Employee Benefits, Professional and Institutional Development, and Tribal Council Funding). The New Fiscal Relationship (NFR) Policy Working Group worked to advance other NFR-related recommendations from the Joint Advisory Committee on Fiscal Relations (JACFR) report, including recommendations concerning the establishment of a First Nations Auditor General, the implementation of statutory funding for qualified First Nation governments, and the repeal of the First Nations Financial Transparency Act, among others. Some partners noted that the successful implementation of this APM would include receiving financial resources to co-develop policy and legislative options to close socio-economic gaps and support fiscal and governance capacity for First Nations.

Milestones

Other departments and agencies that contributed to this APM: None

First Nations Priority 2

Honouring pre-1975 treaties and treaty relationships

• Link to TRC-CTAs: Yes
• Link to MMIWG-CFJs: No

Work completed to advance Action Plan measure in 2024-2025

During the development of the Action Plan, Treaty First Nations emphasized the importance of reaffirming pre-1975 Treaty relationships based on mutual respect, self-determination, and a nation-to-nation relationship. They expressed a desire to engage in co-developing approaches, including the reconvening of Treaty Councils where desired, to facilitate the renewal and honorable implementation of pre-1975 Treaties, along with establishing a shared vision and common understanding of their spirit and intent. The Government of Canada is committed to working with interested pre-1975 Treaty partners to explore options for renewing these Treaty relationships, including the creation of bilateral forums for discussions on Treaty implementation.

Consultation and cooperation

• Occurred: Yes
• Opportunity for future consultation and cooperation: Yes

Initial meetings with interested pre-1975 Treaty partners on the implementation of this measure has begun. CIRNAC will continue to explore ways to support consultation and cooperation with pre-1975 Treaty partners to co-develop options for honourable implementation.

Indigenous partner perspectives on implementation

Some First Nations partners have noted concerns regarding the lack of specific commitments to historic treaties within the UN Declaration Act Action Plan. Some partners noted that efforts are underway to secure funding for a gathering and a proposed treaties directorate, aimed at facilitating honorable implementation and improving collaboration among Treaty partners. However, discussions with the Government of Canada officials have revealed a lack of political mandate and funding to advance these initiatives, leaving the directorate's objectives uncertain despite alignment with the Ministerial mandate on pre-1975 treaties.

Milestones

No milestones were provided for this Action Plan measure.

Other departments and agencies that contributed to this APM: None

First Nations Priority 3

Specific Claims program and resolution process reforms

• Link to TRC-CTAs: Yes
• Link to MMIWG-CFJs: No

Work completed to advance Action Plan measure in 2024-2025

In 2022, CIRNAC was mandated to co-develop options for redesigning the Specific Claims process with First Nation partners. Co-development with the Assembly of First Nations was officially launched in November 2022. A co-developed paper setting out a possible model for a Specific Claims Resolution Centre and reformed resolution process was published on the Assembly of First Nations and CIRNAC websites in spring 2024. Feedback was requested and several engagements with First Nations and First Nation Organizations were conducted during fiscal year 2024-2025.

Consultation and cooperation

• Occurred: Yes
• Opportunity for future consultation and cooperation: Yes

Informational materials regarding the specific claims reform were circulated to regional Indigenous organizations in Spring 2024 and made public on the specific claims website. Feedback was requested by December 2024 and First Nations partners were invited to meet with CIRNAC’s specific claims policy team to discuss the reforms. Several engagement sessions were conducted throughout the fiscal year. CIRNAC also received submissions and engagement reports on specific claims reform for several First Nations and First Nations organizations.

Indigenous partner perspectives on implementation

The Government of Canada has been meeting with First Nations partners to collaboratively develop a proposal for an Independent Centre for the Resolution of Specific Claims. The development of a reformed specific claims resolution process, including the Independent Centre, aims to achieve compliance with the UN Declaration, which involves broader reforms to the Specific Claims Policy. First Nations continue to advocate that such reforms must expand the scope of compensable losses to include cultural losses and ongoing harms to align with the principles of just, fair, and equitable compensation as outlined in the UN Declaration and domestic jurisprudence. Detailed discussions regarding funding for specific projects occur within established relationships between Canada and Indigenous communities. However, this First Nations Priority did not progress significantly due to the dissolution of Parliament and continued divergence between First Nations and the Government of Canada on the measures necessary to achieve compliance with the UN Declaration.

Milestones

No milestones were provided for this Action Plan measure.

Other departments and agencies that contributed to this APM: None

First Nations Priority 4

Collaboration on mechanisms and initiatives related to financial management

• Link to TRC-CTAs: Yes
• Link to MMIWG-CFJs: No

Work completed to advance Action Plan measure in 2024-2025

CIRNAC has worked with JUS and the First Nations Fiscal Management Act (FNFMA) institutions to co-develop adaptation regulations to provide access to pooled borrowing for self-governing and modern treaty groups. The draft regulations is expected to come into force in 2025. CIRNAC has also worked closely with the First Nations Infrastructure Institute (FNII) Technical Working Group to co-develop budget options to support the full operationalization of the new Institute. In parallel, CIRNAC and the FNII Technical Working Group have supported the launch of two Governor in Council processes to appoint a Chairperson and 9 Directors to the initial board of the First Nations Infrastructure Institute. CIRNAC has also continued to support developmental work on pooled insurance/investment services.

Consultation and cooperation

• Occurred: Yes
• Opportunity for future consultation and cooperation: Yes

CIRNAC maintains a close working relationship with the FNFMA institutions, holding periodic bilateral meetings at both working and executive levels to advance priorities and report on progress. Small group meetings are also conducted as needed to address specific issues or joint priorities, such as draft adaptation regulations. CIRNAC collaborates with the FNFMA institutions on proposed initiatives, striving to build consensus among all relevant partners to ensure that each initiative meets its objectives. Additionally, CIRNAC works with these institutions to co-develop options that inform government decision-making, such as the FNII budget proposal. However, Indigenous partners were excluded from drafting sessions with JUS regarding the adaptation regulations, necessitating CIRNAC to act as an intermediary, which resulted in extended timelines and additional rounds of comments for the drafting process.

Indigenous partner perspectives on implementation

No input was provided for this Action Plan measure.

Milestones

No milestones were provided for this Action Plan measure.

Other departments and agencies that contributed to this APM: None

First Nations Priority 5

Additions to Reserve Policy redesign

• Link to TRC-CTAs: No
• Link to MMIWG-CFJs: No

Work completed to advance Action Plan measure in 2024-2025

In the past fiscal year, 58 First Nations communities and organizations were funded to lead engagement activities among their members and other rights-holders, resulting in a published report summarizing and analyzing the engagement outcomes from the previous two years. In summer 2024, CIRNAC launched a Technical Advisory Committee to address the technical aspects of the Additions to Reserve (ATR) Policy redesign, which has been meeting biweekly to contextualize engagement results and refine nine interim changes aimed at simplifying and streamlining the process of adding land to reserve. Additionally, a subcommittee of the Technical Advisory Committee is developing implementation guidelines for these interim changes while broader efforts to redesign the ATR Policy continue.

Consultation and cooperation

• Occurred: Yes
• Opportunity for future consultation and cooperation: Yes

Consultation efforts primarily involved First Nations leading engagement activities and providing CIRNAC with input and recommendations from these activities, while engagement events and bilateral discussions continued between CIRNAC, ISC, and First Nation leadership across the country. In summer 2024, CIRNAC launched a Technical Advisory Committee to address the technical aspects of the ATR Policy redesign, comprising representatives from the Assembly of First Nations, the First Nations Land Management Resource Centre, the National Aboriginal Land Managers Association, self-governing First Nations, and CIRNAC and ISC officials. The committee has been meeting biweekly since its inception to facilitate the redesign process.

Indigenous partner perspectives on implementation

A Technical Advisory Committee on Additions to Reserve was formed, including representatives from the Assembly of First Nations, CIRNAC, ISC, the Lands Advisory Board, and the National Aboriginal Land Managers Association. While the committee successfully recommended interim changes to the ATR Policy, this Action Plan measure remains under development. Successful implementation would aim to achieve a fundamentally redesigned Additions to Reserve Policy process that facilitates the timely and efficient return of lands to First Nations inclusive of policy and legislative reform that reflects the diversity of land regimes, acquisition, and development realities for First Nations. Partners noted that successful implementation demands localized engagement and the recognition of Indigenous knowledge systems.

Milestones

Other departments and agencies that contributed to this APM: None

First Nations Priority 6

Contaminated sites and waste management solutions for reserve lands

• Link to TRC-CTAs: Yes
• Link to MMIWG-CFJs: No

Work completed to advance Action Plan measure in 2024-2025

As of March 31, 2024, ISC has supported the closure of 2,435 contaminated sites on reserve, with an additional 113 sites closed between April and December 2024. ISC also collaborates in the Joint Table on First Nations Waste Management to develop legislative options and address issues like unauthorized dumping, with meetings held in December 2024 and February 2025.

Consultation and cooperation

• Occurred: Yes
• Opportunity for future consultation and cooperation: Yes

The Joint Table on First Nations Waste Management held three in-person and two virtual meetings, bringing together First Nations representatives and federal officials to collaboratively address waste management issues and illegal dumping on reserve lands. Additionally, the ISC's First Nations Waste Management Initiative (FNWMI) convened its National Advisory Committee three times virtually and once in person to discuss program focus, implementation challenges, and strategic guidance for delivering the initiative. The Joint Table has also approved a Terms of Reference that establishes a consensus-based decision-making process.

Indigenous partner perspectives on implementation

Some Indigenous partners have noted that ISC has established a Joint Table with federal officials, First Nations representatives, and technical organizations to address inadequate waste management systems and unauthorized dumping on reserve lands. This initiative aims to identify legislative and policy options, culminating in a discussion paper for modernizing waste management, which will be validated through engagement with First Nations communities. Supported by the National Aboriginal Lands Managers Association, the Joint Table will hold four in-person meetings over six months to discuss key issues such as capacity building and training, with a focus on consensus-based decision-making. The final paper will be presented to decision-makers as a foundation for a Memorandum to Cabinet, emphasizing the need for full consultation and partnership with First Nations to ensure meaningful participation and address regional variations. Partners noted the support of a co-developed legislative approach and recommend embedding Traditional Ecological Knowledge (TEK) into policy design. Decisions must reflect the relationship Indigenous people have with the land and water, and the responsibility to maintain them for future generations.

Milestones

No milestones were provided for this Action Plan measure.

Other departments and agencies that contributed to this APM: None

First Nations Priority 7

Indian Act registration and membership amendments through Bill C-38

• Link to TRC-CTAs: No
• Link to MMIWG-CFJs: Yes

Work completed to advance Action Plan measure in 2024-2025

Following the Collaborative Process on Indian Registration, Band Membership, and First Nation Citizenship in 2018-2019, the Minister’s Special Representative submitted recommendations, particularly regarding enfranchisement and deregistration. An engagement and co-development period took place from August to December 2022, involving litigants, national and regional Indigenous organizations, and affected individuals, during which a consultation draft of the legislation was widely shared and recommendations were integrated before its introduction. Information sessions were held to explain the objectives of Bill C-38, which began its second reading on October 20, 2023, and continued on March 22, 2024. Bill C-38 ultimately did not receive Royal Assent after the prorogation of Parliament on January 6, 2025.

Consultation and cooperation

• Occurred: No
• Opportunity for future consultation and cooperation: No

Bill C-38 was in the House of Commons during the 2024-2025 fiscal year, with information sessions being made available throughout the Parliamentary process. Feedback from First Nation and non-First Nation experts indicated concerns that the bill did not adequately address broader challenges related to the Indian Act. In response, parallel initiatives were launched, leading to consultations starting on December 12, 2024, focused on co-development and co-design of broader reform efforts.

Indigenous partner perspectives on implementation

Some Indigenous partners are advocating for amendments to the Indian Act to eliminate discriminatory provisions affecting First Nations women and their descendants, particularly the second-generation cut-off and two-parent rule. There is a strong emphasis on the need for Canada to recognize First Nations' self-determination over citizenship matters and to provide dedicated funding for reforms. Some partners have raised concerns about the lack of immediate federal funding to support these initiatives, as maintaining the status quo contradicts commitments to the UN Declaration and the UN Declaration Act.

Milestones

No milestones were provided for this Action Plan measure.

Other departments and agencies that contributed to this APM: None

First Nations Priority 8

Indian Act consultation process on registration and band membership reforms

• Link to TRC-CTAs: No
• Link to MMIWG-CFJs: Yes

Work completed to advance Action Plan measure in 2024-2025

The Minister launched the Collaborative Process on the Second-Generation Cut-off and Section 10 Voting Thresholds in November 2023. ISC has conducted a year-long information-sharing initiative, which includes a broad distribution of a rights-holders information kit and community-specific data sheets, as well as forming an Indigenous advisory process (IAP). Since April 2024, Registration Reform has held 45 information sessions that reached approximately 900 attendees. The consultation phase was launched on December 12, 2024 with the Call for Proposals, in which options for solutions can be submitted. Funding applications were being accepted until March 14, 2025, with final reports due May 30, 2025.

Consultation and cooperation

• Occurred: Yes
• Opportunity for future consultation and cooperation: Yes

In 2024-2025, the consultation process was co-designed with 17 Indigenous organizations, as part of the Indigenous advisory process. The Indigenous advisory process provided reccomendations on the design and delivery of the consultation phase and provided feedback on various deliverables. Recommendations from advisory members were provided in final reports, and the overarching themes were documented in a What We Heard Report, which will be made available online. ISC aims to provide open and ongoing information to foster relationship-building and trust with partners. The consultation phase launched on December 12, 2024, beginning with a Call for Proposals from First Nations to present their solutions. The consultation phase seeks to identify Indigenous-led solutions, which will undergo legal viability and impact assessments to inform future discussions.

Indigenous partner perspectives on implementation

Over the past year, the Indigenous Advisory Process (IAP) has supported First Nations' participation in legislative reform on registration and membership, including research on the impacts of the 1985 amendments and collaboration with experts. In addition, some partners have also noted the frustration that ISC lacks the mandate to implement this Action Plan measure. A policy discussion paper is being prepared for submission to ISC to advance self-determination citizenship models. Successful implementation requires co-developing legislative reforms that eliminate discrimination and allow First Nations to control citizenship outside the Indian Act, including a clear opt-in mechanism and dedicated funding for Nation-led initiatives. Concerns have been raised about the lack of federal funding, which undermines commitments to uphold Indigenous rights. Additionally, some partners have called for amending legislation to address historical gender inequality in the Indian Act, particularly regarding the second-generation cut-off, which discriminates against First Nations women and their descendants. Advocacy efforts stress the need for ongoing work to align with recent international human rights recommendations.

Milestones

Other departments and agencies that contributed to this APM: None

First Nations Priority 9

Opt-in alternatives to Indian Act registration and membership

• Link to TRC-CTAs: Yes
• Link to MMIWG-CFJs: Yes

Work completed to advance Action Plan measure in 2024-2025

CIRNAC has engaged with the Assembly of Manitoba Chiefs to collect input on key considerations and issues identified by Manitoba Nations to support a broader initiative for First Nation Citizenship. This Action Plan measure complements First Nation priorities 7 and 8 as an alternative to further amendments to the Indian Act to support a path away from Indian Act registration and membership.

Consultation and cooperation

• Occurred: Yes
• Opportunity for future consultation and cooperation: Yes

The Assembly of Manitoba Chiefs received funding to develop recommended law and policy options for reforming First Nation registration and band membership under a First Nation citizenship model, as outlined in the Indian Act. Their proposal includes examining federal recognition vehicles for First Nation citizenship laws, establishing entities to manage citizenship and dispute resolution mechanisms, and addressing funding and fiscal arrangements. However, the initiative faces limitations due to the limited funding available through internal resources.

Indigenous partner perspectives on implementation

No input was provided for this Action Plan measure.

Milestones

No milestones were provided for this Action Plan measure.

Other departments and agencies that contributed to this APM: None

First Nations Priority 10

First Nations policing legislation

• Link to TRC-CTAs: No
• Link to MMIWG-CFJs: Yes

Work completed to advance Action Plan measure in 2024-2025

PS undertook a comprehensive engagement process and worked with key partners, including Provinces and Territories, the First Nations Chiefs of Police Association (FNCPA) and the First Nations Police Governance Council (FNPGC), to build consensus on the purpose and objectives of the legislation. This included two rounds of public engagement with First Nations (spring 2022 and winter 2024). Following this engagement, PS worked with key partners in 2024-2025 to finalize the elements to inform legislation. Additional information on the engagement process, including the proposed elements, is available on the PS website.

Consultation and cooperation

• Occurred: Yes
• Opportunity for future consultation and cooperation: Yes

PS engaged in 12 bilateral discussions with the FNCPA and 4 with the FNPGC, which contributed to finalizing the elements that set out the policy intent for future legislation. PS also participated in the FNCPA and FNPGC’s Annual Conferences to ensure their membership remained informed throughout the process. Key issues were brought to partners for discussion and deliberation, with decision-making regarding the policy objectives for the proposed legislative options being based on consensus. PS also met with First Nations police services and board representatives upon request. Although identified as the original co-development partner, the Assembly of First Nations expressed opposition to the scope of a future legislation, citing concerns over the lack of recognition of First Nations jurisdiction over policing.

Indigenous partner perspectives on implementation

No input was provided for this Action Plan measure.

Milestones

Other departments and agencies that contributed to this APM: None

First Nations Priority 11

First Nations jurisdiction in respect of CMHC on-reserve housing programs

• Link to TRC-CTAs: Yes
• Link to MMIWG-CFJs: Yes

Work completed to advance Action Plan measure in 2024-2025

CMHC has prioritized research to explore transferring on-reserve housing programs and funding to First Nations. Key initiatives include a 2024 report identifying barriers and options for this transfer, emphasizing the need for First Nations-led governance, sustainable funding and flexible, self-determined housing solutions, and a 2025 report exploring the pathways to First Nations housing systems, outlining the benefits of self-determined housing systems, and exploring governance, programs, capacity, and financing. CMHC also supports the transformation strategy of the First Nations Market Housing Fund for eventual transfer to First Nations control.

Consultation and cooperation

• Occurred: No
• Opportunity for future consultation and cooperation: Yes

ISC is mandated to transfer housing responsibilities to Indigenous organizations. However, CMHC does not fall under this mandate. CMHC is taking proactive steps to support reconciliation and aims to seek the necessary mandate to engage in discussions about the transfer of CMHC housing programs and funding for First Nations on reserve.

Indigenous partner perspectives on implementation

No input was provided for this Action Plan measure.

Milestones

No milestones were provided for this Action Plan measure.

Other departments and agencies that contributed to this APM: None

First Nations Priority 12

First Nations increased control over health services delivery

• Link to TRC-CTAs: Yes
• Link to MMIWG-CFJs: Yes

Work completed to advance Action Plan measure in 2024-2025

The Government of Canada is supporting First Nations-led health initiatives to enhance control over health services and promote cultural safety and self-determination. Key achievements for 2024-2025 include various agreements in principle being finalized or developed by different First Nations organizations, the initiation of health service models, and a symposium to share best practices. Ongoing discussions are also taking place to improve health service approaches for First Nations in British Columbia.

Consultation and cooperation

• Occurred: Yes
• Opportunity for future consultation and cooperation: Yes

The Health Transformation initiative focuses on collaboration with partners to enhance community health services and supports. Key activities for 2024-2025 include creating implementation plans, sharing financial information, hosting a Health Transformation Symposium, and engaging with potential partners, particularly provincial ones. Many First Nations face urgent health needs, making it challenging to prioritize long-term health transformation efforts. It is essential for First Nation partners to progress at their own pace and build capacity for a full service transfer.

Indigenous partner perspectives on implementation

Some Indigenous partners have noted that efforts to arrange a meeting with Government of Canada representatives at ISC to discuss implementation have been unsuccessful since July 2024. Additionally, a funding proposal for health transformation was denied, and significant issues with Jordan’s Principle funding in communities have raised concerns about the implementation of the UN Declaration in health. There is a strong hope that these issues will receive urgent attention in the next fiscal year.

Milestones

Other departments and agencies that contributed to this APM: None

First Nations Priority 13

First Nations health programs and services transfer

• Link to TRC-CTAs: Yes
• Link to MMIWG-CFJs: Yes

Work completed to advance Action Plan measure in 2024-2025

See update to First Nation Priority 12 for information related to this Action Plan measure.

Consultation and cooperation

• Occurred: Yes
• Opportunity for future consultation and cooperation: Yes

See update to First Nation Priority 12 for information related to this Action Plan measure.

Indigenous partner perspectives on implementation

See update to First Nation Priority 12 for information related to this Action Plan measure.

Milestones

Other departments and agencies that contributed to this APM: None

First Nations Priority 14

Income Assistance program improvements on reserve

• Link to TRC-CTAs: No
• Link to MMIWG-CFJs: Yes

Work completed to advance Action Plan measure in 2024-2025

The Income Assistance Program offers crucial financial support to First Nation communities and organizations, enabling individuals and families to meet their basic needs, such as food, clothing, and rent, as well as addressing special needs. In the 2024 Budget, the government announced additional funding specifically for Income Assistance recipients with disabilities, aimed at helping them cover essential living expenses and disability-related costs. This initiative is designed to promote the full participation of individuals with disabilities in social and economic life, ensuring they have the necessary resources to thrive within their communities. By enhancing the program's support for those with disabilities, the government aims to foster greater equity and inclusion for all First Nation members.

Consultation and cooperation

• Occurred: Yes
• Opportunity for future consultation and cooperation: Yes

Since 2018, the Department has been collaborating with First Nation partners to reform the Program to better meet the needs of individuals and families on reserve. In 2024-2025, the Department continued its bi-weekly co-development working group with the Assembly of First Nations and worked with Maritime First Nations leadership to support research and develop a governed system for enhanced social program delivery in Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, and Prince Edward Island. Indigenous partners play a key role in informing the Department's decisions regarding the Income Assistance program's responsiveness to First Nations’ needs.

Indigenous partner perspectives on implementation

No input was provided for this Action Plan measure.

Milestones

Other departments and agencies that contributed to this APM: None

First Nations Priority 15

Housing and infrastructure on reserve

• Link to TRC-CTAs: No
• Link to MMIWG-CFJs: Yes

Work completed to advance Action Plan measure in 2024-2025

Between April 1 and December 31, 2024, ISC invested $2.44 billion in infrastructure projects on-reserve. These projects involved the construction of new facilities as well as repairs to existing ones. This investment builds on the more than 11,000 projects launched since 2016 and includes the completion of more than 1,000 infrastructure projects, which involved the construction of new facilities as well as repairs to existing ones. Notably, from January to December 2024, First Nations completed work on 716 new homes, significantly enhancing housing infrastructure in their communities.

ISC supports First Nations partners in developing solutions from the ground up to advance the shared goal of transferring the responsibility for housing and community infrastructure programs to First Nation-led organizations. ISC and mandated First Nation-led organizations are in the process of determining new models for the delivery of housing and infrastructure service that meet the diverse needs, priorities and approaches of rights-holders while recognizing and implementing their inherent right to self-determination.

Currently, ISC is working with 18 transfer tables with the ultimate goal being the full transfer of control of on reserve housing and infrastructure programming, supported by sufficient, innovative funding mechanisms. Of note, to date, 11 tranfser tables have scopes specific to housing.

Consultation and cooperation

• Occurred: Yes
• Opportunity for future consultation and cooperation: Yes

In 2024-2025, ISC collaborated with First Nations on various initiatives, including infrastructure project policies and housing strategies aimed at improving community well-being. While First Nations set their own priorities and provide valuable feedback, achieving transparency in these efforts is often hindered by Cabinet confidentiality and the need to protect sensitive information. Effective engagement requires sufficient time and honest dialogue to manage expectations and build trust in a nation-to-nation relationship, ensuring that the unique needs and perspectives of Indigenous communities are adequately represented in policy development and implementation.

ISC support for engagements with communities, operators and leadership helps to further to develop and refine these new service delivery models. All models are opt-in and must be supported by leadership. Engagements guide the development of the group or organization and ultimately provides the foundation for First Nations care and control of housing and infrastructure service delivery.

Based on the needs identified through these engagements, First Nations organizations will continue to refine and finalize the scope of services they will be responsible for delivering.

Indigenous partner perspectives on implementation

No input was provided for this Action Plan measure.

Milestones

No milestones were provided for this Action Plan measure.

Other departments and agencies that contributed to this APM: None

First Nations Priority 16

Lifting drinking water advisories

• Link to TRC-CTAs: No
• Link to MMIWG-CFJs: Yes

Work completed to advance Action Plan measure in 2024-2025

The Government of Canada has prioritized ensuring that First Nations on reserves have access to safe, clean, and reliable drinking water, and progress is being made through partnerships with First Nation communities. Since November 2015, and as of March 31, 2025, First Nations, with support from ISC, have successfully lifted 147 long-term drinking water advisories on public systems on reserve, while 302 short-term advisories were prevented from becoming long-term. From April 1, 2024, to March 31, 2025, three long-term drinking water advisories were lifted, along with 26 short-term advisories. As of March 31, 2025, there are still 35 long-term drinking water advisories in place across 33 First Nations communities.

Consultation and cooperation

• Occurred: Yes
• Opportunity for future consultation and cooperation: Yes

ISC is providing funding support to enhance the capacity and certification of water operators for First Nations individuals, with the goal of lifting drinking water advisories. In 2024-2025, ISC has partnered with ESDC to facilitate this initiative, ensuring that First Nations have the necessary skills and training to manage their water systems effectively. Additionally, funding for water and wastewater infrastructure projects is available through the Capital Facilities and Maintenance Program (CFMP), which allows First Nations to apply for resources based on their specific project proposals. This approach not only aims to improve the quality of drinking water but also empowers Indigenous communities by building local expertise and capacity in water management.

Indigenous partner perspectives on implementation

No input was provided for this Action Plan measure.

Milestones

No milestones were provided for this Action Plan measure.

Other departments and agencies that contributed to this APM: None

First Nations Priority 17

First Nations drinking water and wastewater service transfer and legislation

• Link to TRC-CTAs: No
• Link to MMIWG-CFJs: Yes

Work completed to advance Action Plan measure in 2024-2025

ISC facilitated the development of eighteen transfer tables involving First Nations organizations and Tribal Councils, of which five have scopes including water. Over half of all First Nations have been engaged in some form regarding housing and infrastructure service transfer.

Between 2018 and 2023, Canada collaborated with First Nation rights-holders to introduce Bill C-61, the proposed First Nations Clean Water Act. The Bill was studied by the Standing Committee on Indigenous and Northern Affairs in 2024-2025. However, the election called in March 2025 has ended the 44th Parliament session and progress on Bill C-61.

Consultation and cooperation

• Occurred: Yes
• Opportunity for future consultation and cooperation: Yes

In 2024, the transfer team engaged with various First Nations partners both virtually and in-person to facilitate the transfer of housing and infrastructure services, which is essential for empowering First Nations organizations to make decisions that align with their community needs. This collaborative process aims to enhance the capacity of Indigenous communities to manage their own services effectively. However, the funding for this initiative is set to sunset, and partners have stressed the importance of renewing this support to maintain relationships and uphold commitments to reconciliation and self-determination. In-person engagements are particularly valued for fostering trust and open dialogue, allowing for more meaningful discussions about the unique challenges and priorities faced by First Nations in managing their housing and infrastructure needs.

Indigenous partner perspectives on implementation

No input was provided for this Action Plan measure.

Milestones

No milestones were provided for this Action Plan measure.

Other departments and agencies that contributed to this APM: None

First Nations Priority 18

Accessible Canada Act implementation on First Nations reserves

• Link to TRC-CTAs: Yes
• Link to MMIWG-CFJs: Yes

Work completed to advance Action Plan measure in 2024-2025

As part of the broader engagement on the Disability Inclusion Action Plan (DIAP), ESDC has provided limited funding to Indigenous partners to conduct consultations on accessibility. Some funding has also been allocated through contracts, which have supported the development of a framework and strategy for First Nations-led approaches to addressing accessibility barriers. This work has informed the December 2024 Chiefs in Council resolution 71/2024, which rejected the Accessible Canada Act and called for the advancement of distinct accessibility legislation for First Nations. Consequently, ESDC is now tasked with developing a specific approach to accessibility that includes options for creating First Nations-specific legislation. However, a comprehensive engagement strategy tailored for the co-development of the Accessible Canada Act has not yet been initiated due to a lack of funding.

Consultation and cooperation

• Occurred: Yes
• Opportunity for future consultation and cooperation: Yes

As part of the broader engagement efforts related to the Disability Inclusion Action Plan, the department reached out to Indigenous partners to address accessibility issues. This fiscal year, discussions and outreach were conducted to amend Engagement Protocol Agreements with six national Indigenous partners to provide funding that supports engagement on accessibility and the development of distinct First Nations approaches. Additionally, the Accessible Canada Directorate and Innovation 7 organized a series of sharing circles with community representatives, including individuals with disabilities and their caregivers, to facilitate open dialogue and gather valuable insights.

Indigenous partner perspectives on implementation

No input was provided for this Action Plan measure.

Milestones

Other departments and agencies that contributed to this APM: None

First Nations Priority 19

First Nations control of First Nations education

• Link to TRC-CTAs: Yes
• Link to MMIWG-CFJs: Yes

Work completed to advance Action Plan measure in 2024-2025

In 2024-2025, ISC's Elementary and Secondary Education Program provided funding to support the delivery of over 530 First Nations-administered education programs across the country. This funding enabled approximately 120,180 First Nations students residing on reserve to attend First Nations-administered schools, as well as provincial, private, and federal schools. To date, 11 regional education agreements have been signed, with 9 remaining active. As of March 2025, these agreements support over 25,000 students in five provinces. As of March 31, 2025, 53 First Nation organizations across Canada accessed regional education agreement (REA) development funding to either participate at a regional technical table or to engage in REA development discussions. Active discussions are ongoing with more than 15 organizations, some of which have reached table level agreement.

Consultation and cooperation

• Occurred: Yes
• Opportunity for future consultation and cooperation: Yes

ISC collaborated with over 50 First Nations to enhance education agreements and outcomes for First Nations students on reserves. In addition to core elementary and secondary education funding, ISC provides funding through targeted education programs. The proposal-based Education Partnerships Program (EPP) supports partnerships between First Nations education organizations and provincial or territorial systems, providing opportunity for fomal consultations and community engagement sessions to improve educational outcomes for First Nations students. Continuous dialogue and feedback mechanisums are maintained to ensure that decisions are responsive to emerging issues and community needs.

Canada also continues to hold collaborative discussions with First Nations partners through regional technical tables to guide implementation of the Elementary and Secondary Education Program and identify and address First Nations’ education needs. The principle of First Nations control of First Nations education guides all of Indigenous Services Canada’s work in this area.

Indigenous partner perspectives on implementation

Some Indigenous partners noted their efforts are focused on advocating for First Nations Regional Education Agreements (REA) to enhance educational outcomes for First Nations communities. This involves collaboration with ISC to align education programs with the principles outlined in the UN Declaration, emphasizing the importance of First Nations' control over their educational systems. Achieving success in this initiative would require ISC to recognize and uphold First Nations' rights to education while ensuring that adequate funding is provided to improve educational opportunities. By addressing these needs, the goal is to close the educational gap between First Nations and non-Indigenous Canadians, ultimately fostering a more equitable and inclusive education system that respects Indigenous perspectives and cultural values.

Milestones

No milestones were provided for this Action Plan measure.

Other departments and agencies that contributed to this APM: None

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